Microbial Modulation of Host Locomotion

Author: Schretter, Catherine Elizabeth

Year: 2019

Degree: Dissertation (Ph.D.)

Advisor: Mazmanian, Sarkis K.

Committee Members: Lester, Henry A.; Anderson, David J.; Gradinaru, Viviana; Mazmanian, Sarkis K.

Option: Biology

DOI: 10.7907/Z1DX-4J03

Abstract

Coordinated locomotor behavior is critical for the survival and propagation of an individual and is modulated by internal and external sensory inputs. The microbiota regulates host metabolism, which is closely intertwined with motor behavior. However, little is known regarding influences by the gut microbiome on host locomotion, or the pathways involved. The work presented in this thesis examines microbial regulation of locomotor behavior from both bacterial and host perspectives. Removal of the microbiota results in hyperactivity in female D. melanogaster, which is reversible through colonization with specific bacteria or administration of bacterial-derived products, including xylose isomerase (Xi) from Lactobacillus brevis. We found that Xi modulates host speed via sugar metabolism and octopamine signaling in flies. Additionally, aspects of microbial regulation of host locomotion appear to be conserved in mice. This work suggests that microbial modulation of host physiology extends beyond local intestinal effects to locomotor behavior through alterations in energy-related pathways.

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