Three Methods of Street Cleaning: A Comparative Study of Motor-Driven and Horse-Drawn Flushing and Vacuum Cleaning of Paved Streets in the City Los Angeles Citation Searl, Sidney Rickey (1917) Three Methods of Street Cleaning: A Comparative Study of Motor-Driven and Horse-Drawn Flushing and Vacuum Cleaning of Paved Streets in the City Los Angeles. Bachelor's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/hq61-eg11. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192024-154421438 Abstract No abstract. Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor's thesis) Subject Keywords: (Engineering and Economics) Degree Grantor: California Institute of Technology Division: Engineering and Applied Science Major Option: Engineering Minor Option: Economics Thesis Availability: Public (worldwide access) Research Advisor(s): Unknown, Unknown Thesis Committee: Unknown, Unknown Defense Date: May 1917 Record Number: CaltechTHESIS:07192024-154421438 Persistent URL: https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192024-154421438 DOI: 10.7907/hq61-eg11 Default Usage Policy: No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. ID Code: 16575 Collection: CaltechTHESIS Deposited By: Benjamin Perez Deposited On: 19 Jul 2024 16:49 Last Modified: 19 Jul 2024 16:51 Thesis Files PDF - Final Version See Usage Policy. 99MB Repository Staff Only: item control page

S B NI OR t HE S I S _______ ...,._____ TJmE.E METHODS OP sram OtEANim A Comparat1Te Stuq Of MOtOr-Drl'Yen ~d H~r•eDl'awn Fluehlag and Vacu\Un Cleaning ot Poed streets in the Oity ·Of Loa A:neeles. Throop College ot Teelmoloo. Paaa4ena. can tomla. ltq • 1917. Cha.rt Table lndex Index I !nt.t•odugt1on 11 General~ ¾?lat iae Done T:b.e Cheapest !type of Cl:ea.n111g The Meet :Effective Tt,pe o:t' Oleonlng Table A Coats per Yee.r 'based on Test !>e:tui 10 9 lil Oonglusion,i 11-14 lV Spec1fioat1on.e of Vehicles l&--. !he Sanitary Automat1o florae-dl"awn . Street li'luahi:ng ~hine The MoJ•ale.nd 4--Ton St1t0et ~·lusher The Cali ·ornta. Vaouuia s ·traet Cleaner 18•20 21•24 16-18 4llgstta,~ona The Moreland 1200-Gal. street F'lushetThe Sanit~ Automatic street Flusher The Cslifomia Va.out~~ Street Oleaner 26 27 ... 30 VI Deaeription o~ Test 32•~8 Fluahers treed an.d :aasts Of 'Pay Method O"' :!:'lUSbi~ 35 31 33 34 Object cf Test · Method Of Tel.3t 34-38 Geu.e r al Pl@ 34&35 .li:·f f eat of Flushing on 1la nure Mfeet of'. Flushi_ng on Dtlst Filling Equipment Routes Time Stud.tee Motoi--drigen Flushing -ttore~drawn lns:peo:t f. on Dust Te£it VU • l)iocuseion of Results l?Qints to Bear in Mind A'Verage Resul'lnt .rable uo.1 7•8 8-9 Coste Ef£ici8ney of PerformanQe 1 6 7 SUggeated Changes in Equipment and Methods lietimated Cost of M&Clh1l1'&"-Cleaning All Streets V Chart No.l 5-10 ti1~1s1&vn1ot ffllMltfo•tlRenlts Table No. l • Data f~r Chart No. 1 34 :14&35 .34 :34&35 35 36&36 36&3'7 36 37 31 37&38 39--121 40-41 42-48 4t 45 Chart Index Table 1ndex Table No.2 Chart No. 2 ~ Average Dnst Oompoaition Before and After Cleaning • • • • • 46 Table No. 2 - Data t.'or Chart !lo. 2 • • • • • • • • 48 .Analysis of Difference in Coats of Various Cleaning Methods.• • • • • 49•68 Chart :No.3 Table No.3 Chart ?·!O. 3 ... Costs He.greg&ted According to Goverl1.ing Factor • • • • • • • • 50 Disouasion of Cha:r-t Mo .. 3 . . . . . . . ,. • .. • .. • • • 151 Table ~o. 3 - Data for Chart Mo. 3 • • • • • • • • 52 6Z Chart No .4 • Chart No. 4 - '11irn.e ~laments of Moto:r-d.t-iven fiuahing Oon:,paroo to T!me Ele- ments of Horee-d:rawn rlushing. Table iro. 4 • Data f or Cha.rt No. 4 • • • Chart No .. 6 Table No.5 . .. . ·• 54 56 Disousston of Chart No. 6 • • . , ••• •••• • Ch.at't No. 5 • .Analyeie of Differenoea 56 in ''Time Costsn • ,. • • • • • • • • 57 Table No. S ... Data tor Cha.rt No. 5 •• • •• • • • 58 Disottasion of Chart No. 6 ••• • •• • • • • • • 59 Ch;.?.l"t No ., 6 - Rela tive lmportanoe of' Coat Details Seg1,~egated Aeoordir..g t o Elements of 'ot-k • " • • •• ••• Table No ♦. q Table No. ir.,. Data f'or Chart No. 6 • . . ••• ·• • Diso:asefon of Chart No. 7 • • • • Chart No.7 60 61 62 Cha.rt 1'to. 7 • Re b :'t ive Importance of cost JiJle- m0 ts Segregated Accor ding to Objects Of Expetj.diture.,. • • • • • 63 Table No.7 Table No. 7 .. Data f'O"l' Chart No. 7. • • • • • • • 64 Table No.8 Tabla No. S ..., b'Um!uary of Costs • • • • ,. • • • • Table No.9 Table No. 9 • Oo~t.of W agon Flushing Du.ring *• 65 • 65 Test Period. Inclusive of Ti.me to and from Oorral • • • • • o •• • • 66 Table No. ll • Cost Of ~otor Flushing IJUring Test Period• • • • • • • • • • • • 66 Test Period, ~elusive of Time to and. ;from Oo.r ral • • • • • • • • Table :No.lo Table No.ll Table No.12 Table No.13 Table No. lO .. Cost of ragon Flushing During Table No. 12 • .Estimated Cost to City of 66 Vacuu.~ Cleaning • • • • • • • •• • Table uo. 13 - A C8mparison of Costs Figured on Various Bases • • • • • • • •• 67 & 68 Chart Ta.blo ~ Index Page No. • • • • • • • • Det e.i led Resul to of Du.at Tents • • • • . . . . .. . . . Dhart xo.s 69 • 70 •• 71 & 72 Chart No. 8 - Summary of all ]Just Removed • • • • Table :No.14 Table !fa . 14 .. Data fOl' Ch.v.l't no. ..• .,.. 0 • • • 73 • • 74 '15 • • • 76 • Chart no. 9 - Sttmmary of !Juat f'assin ,.r 1 i scuf:: s iu.r.. of C}1art ~;co 9 :l.'able No. 15 - .•• • D~ta for Chart lio ~ «· ., . .. .. • • • 9 • • • • • 77-82 Test on Western Avenue • .. • • Ohart lf o.1O Discuoaion cf Charts l~ os + J.1 e..?1d 12 .. Chart :No . 11 • • • • • i,. 78 79 •ooo• Cha.rt No. 11 ... .Am.ou.nt or Dust .Removed • • • • • • • 80 81 lOhart No .12 • 0 • • • • • e • • • 82-89 Diee:·ram of Te.st Sections .. Cb.a.rt Ho. 13 • • • . ., Discu.csio;::,. of f)h ertB :!<Jos. 14 an.d 15 • • • • • • • 83 ,Oh.art no .14 Chrtrt Ho. 14 Amov.nt of Dust / emoved (l~r.st Side) 85 Ohart !To.lb Chu.rt TTo.. 15 - SOl"eening Tests o:r Du.st ( .!!-:a.st Side) 86 Qhart Ho.13 Discuosio:r:. of Charts Nos. 16 s.ml 17 • 41 .. .. • • 84 • • 87 Ohs.rt No.16 88 '.Chart Ho .17 89 Oba.rt Mo. 18 Test on Haydon St;reet • • • • • * •• ., • , • • 90-94 Diagram of Test Seations - mi.art No. 18 • • • • • • 91 Chart No.19 92 93 Ohart Iio. 20 (foe.rt No. 19 Amount of Dust Removed •• • • • • • Cha.:ct Eo. 20 ... Soreo11ing ~es·ts of Dust • • • • • Tost on 7th Str""et Chart Ho.21 . . ... ., • • • • J)iag·ram of ~•est Seaticms ,, ))iscussiori of Charts Nos. 22 and 23 • • • • Ohart Ho.22 94 • • 95-99 . .. 96 .... • • Chart l~o. 22 • Ainount Of llust ,Re!!lOVad • • • • • • Cho.rt No .. 23 • . .. 97 98 99 Tests for /c!otor Flu.sh1ng <mly • • • Oho.rt l'To.24 Ohart No .. 25 Chart no.26 Chart ITo.27 100-107 Diagra.i::i. of Test on i ~. 1st St. • Chart No. 24 • • 101 l)iagra.rt1 of Test on Figueroa. St ...... Chart No .. 25 • • 102 26 • Cha.rt Ho. 27 - .Amount; of Dust Removed • • • • • • 0 103 104 Chart Index Table lndex Page No. :Oiscusaion of Ch2.rts ?ioa. 27., 26 a.n.d 29 105 Oh.art no.28 Chart lJo. 28 106 Chart No.29 Chart 1{o. 29 • Chart !fo.30 Screening Teets of Dust ti 107 fl ~ests on Horse-drewn Flushing Only • • • • • • •• Diagram cf Tost S~otions on 23rd St .... 108-112 Char·t !lo. 30 • • • • • • • • • , o • • •• • • • 109 Discussion oi' Ch~'l.rts nos. 31 and 32 • • • • • • 110 Che.rt !!O.31 G'hart :i o. Sl •• 111 Chart no. 32 Chart No. 32 ~ Screening Tests of :OU.st • • • • • 112 ~ests of Vacuum Cl~~ning in Pasadena • . • • • •• • 113-121 Amount of l,~st Removed • • • Surface o:f Street (J~colusive of a-utters) Diagram of' '::' o:z:;:; Sections on ~lnut St. Chart No.33 Ch., ~ tro. ~1:1 • • ~ ~ • • • • • • • • • • • 114 Diag-ram of Test Sections on Ca li.fol"n1a Chart No.34 St1·eat - Char't :NCJ • Churt No. 35 - Amount Z4 • • • • • • • • 0 • ot Dus~i; liemoved • • • • . •· . 115 116 117 118 Chart no.36 .G~tters Onl y I)l a(;ra."!l of Test Sections on Raymond .Avenue - CJ:w.rt Fo .. 37 • • • • • • • • • • Chart lJ o. 38 * Disc11.ssi on of Chart No. 38 • • • • • • • • • • 120 Cha .. t Ko. 38 - .Amount of Dust Hamoved • • • • 121 4 VIII . Caloulatio~s and Besio Data • • • • ~cthotl of Obtaining ?igv.ros • • • • ~ .\!ethod o:f Obtaining Time Data • • n II • • 122-155 ••••• 125-135 -. ... 123 123 123•124 . .. . . . u " Area Data • • " 11 Water Data • • • • • • • Cost Calcmlations • • • • • • • • • • o • • Cost of Motor Flushing •• - • • • • • • It H Wagon It Vacuum Cleaning • ti 0 119 . ., . " Other De1·i veu Figa.::;•es • • • • • • • • • • • 124•133 126 126-127 128-133 134 Chart Index 118.ble Jnd~ Basio Data. ...... .. ?e.ge No. • :2 • • .. • • • • Table No.16 Table No. 16 - Su..'Umary of Ylu~hing Pest Data Tables ,Nos. 11-..20 Tables ~os. 17, 18, 19, 20 - Water Used by 136 136 I;Iotor l?lushars • • • • • • • 137•138 Chart No. 39 - Wator in 11 600 Gal. " Horse- Chart No.39 drawn Flue.her at Va.1·yi.ng Pressures. • • • • • • • • l)oscription of 1tethod af Obtaining Cml.rt No.39 139 140 Tables .Nos. 21 ...24 Tables .Nos. 21~ 22 . 23., 24 • Wa.ter Used by Horse-drawn Flush~re • . • • 141-146 Table no.25 't able no.27 Table rJo. 25 ... Sttnr,.•ary o:t' Time Data f or Horse... drawn F'lushi:ng • • • • 146 Table lto. 26 - 1;."llmmary of Ti me Data for •ll.iotor... dri ven Flushing • • .. • 147 :/"able No. 2'1 .. Det ailed l1a.ta f1.•om alJ. Dust 'l'.'esta • • .. • • • • • • 148•151 !fable& iios.28 & 29 D@t~ils of .Areas l!" lushed • • • • • • • • • • 162--155 I. lNTRODUCTlO:N • l •IN fR ODUO T ION- One of the inoet interesting and a.t the same time comparatively un- 4eveloped studies alona englneeJfing l..tnes ts that whicll ha.e to do with the general subJ~:t ... "Street Clean!Jl8'' • At: the present time the.re is .ao pa,rt1Cl'4ar detail of DIIU11Qlpal gove$nent reetlv1n8 ;more aoient1t1o ~<>U.1d$9at;1on than that ot c,lean1JJ6 pa.ved. 1tteet1. 1.n a tanl ~817 mazwer. Because of the ver:, JU.\tlu'e of th~ work it llas, 1n the past. been aesume<l to ha't'e na 'beehnioal ditf1tralt1•• that eould not be s~ounte<l bf the uneldlle4 l .a oor dQbtg the ~rk. NeYerthelese._ it ha.a been fo,uid by ttXpe--- r1eta.e.e that the prooeaees of stree'b cleani.2.Jg., like moet aim11SJ" work, ho'Wfftr e1mple S.t ·mar appe.N" on the inu-t&.08, Gan be properJ.r studied and 1te problE\IDS solved onl¥ by careful e:nd complete obaenat1on 1n..,elv1ng With the denand for hidler eft.1'1l811~ in !ffl.U21Q1pal attaire and the reaultiltg analysis Of the •evaral actlv1t1e-, of mnnlolpal aervioE.t, the •tr(tet olea.n!J!18 branOh was tound to b~ one of tbe moat tt,i~ t~l fields foJi impro-,.ement in m•thod and x-e4uot1on 1n cost. Although seoree ot lnYeet1gat1one ha:,e been tiW\e by competent engtne.e~•• the re.eult• obtained aud the oonol.WJions drawn b~ them have. u.p to the present time, not been autflo1$1t1J exbauetlve to establish de~1n11;e standa»,d.a. fol! tllis work. Th~ subJect ot strtet eleantq 111oludes f.L multl\ud.e of detail, 1n.. volving ~ prooeasee ff d.Glng the work. some of these are auppla.nental tG other pi,oco.a.1es &n4 stt# blteuded to perfOl"DJ onl7 a certain portion of all &f the work to be dcm.e• »-or this reason the the$1s hu been ocn1f1lled t .o -. llmi ted but ., thorough atudy and. oOJnpa.Ti,aon of the two methods 1n use in Los .Allgele• for the r,QmOval ot ptreet ~•t• wh1oh 1s,. from the health standpoint• the most dange:r00;s element ot atreot dirt. 9lese two methods tnvol'Ve three types of $q111pment • and are as tollowsa (l) FlwminS' by the use of Motor-Driven Fl.ushers; ( 2) Flushing ~ the use •O.: f Horse-Drawn Fl.uaher~, and (3) Olean1.llg b7 the Ve.OUUIO. Method, ua1ng a. motor.-dr1va:n vohtole. !he time xrequ1red for the stu~ cid anal1"91e 0£ this phase of street the means employed tor the ren1()TaJ. or heavy street dirt, or litter. and ts supplemental to the tlushll'lfl e:nd va~wa,,.elean~ d.eao:rlbed herein. The f'lusld.ng teate we~e Dle.4$. ln the olt1 Qf Loa ADgeles and the TaotmJ!lo-Oleanin« testa were made bl Pe.Badena,. Oalifom1a. t'he latter teat may be termed ••1uoompl.ete" due ta the fa.et that the munber o'f tests wei-e 11m1ted and that only olle vacUW1 cleaner was available at t~a time the investigation waa made. ' However. the tests obtained from the one ma• ohlne olearly lndlca.te the ef:f1o1ency ot the method. ~ etrUdng conclue1ons ~ be dn'arm tram the tram the tQsta. a♦. results obtainf)d ~• mo-re important of these a.re ae :tollows: The coot ot fluehing by the use ot a two-wagon battery is 35 per eent l••• than the oos-t 'O f flushing by the use ot one motor tluellw. b. n..$ horee--dre.'vm tlushera remove f/1 per cent of the dbt as c-om»a,red w.tth 24,-,5 per cent removed by the motor flu~ers •. c. The aggregate daily pertc>rmen<le of a two-wagon battery lit 22 per oent greater than that ot one motor flusher. ~e Olty or Los ~elea pqs approximate~ fifteen dollan {$15.• oo) per 8-hour ~ for one motor,.driven t.'lusher, and onlz, ten dollara ($10.• 00} per 8-hou.r dq for a battery ot two hoatse-drawn fl.ushers. , !lhe ordiiV.0.7 Senior College thea1a c,ontaims material which ~ a l 17 1a not ta.ken U1' too ser1ottely and ·the.retore u;euall7 prov.a itself Of doubtt\ll iqate:dal value. An attent.t>t has been mad& in this ttuq to pro• CUN· 4-ata Whl.Ob• 'beoaqe ot its Z"(Jl1able '"1lity, mtght b$ available for a de,tin!tel1 uaet~l ,plll'p(>se. The bavestiga,tj,on has :prov@ to be an ldeal atu.q lu 1. t$ relatton \, to the eourae "Enginff~iq and. Eet>nomtetf' off~«\ at ~oop College. and OlU1 ruther provEJa. that nEng1ne$l'i~ wt tho'tfb &oono?de•n does not &u~iah • accurate bast• tor e.o1m11io 4-tei,nuia.-b1ona. !i"he two are •t\\ally 4el>emleat and ~ at,smpt to •eparate them tlilUlt ef neoGNit,f wo:rlc to~d• $D •unaub.atant1al. e~ conaequenti, a w~ fo.umlation. Note - All te,te were made 1n oonJum,tle:n With th.e Eft1o1ene7 Department Of the Olty Of Loa ~lee. Note ... v'Vb.ile all of the a.a.ta a.ccompa.nying this report could not have been obta.inec1 by any one pers on in much less tha 11 :five months• time, I think I may safely cla i m credit fox· having mat erially assi st ed in the pro- curement of all of the details herein presented., and beg leave to call attention to this Pl)as e of the situation t o the lettor signed by Jesse D. Burks, Efficiency Director o f the City of L9s A:ng eleH, and present ed here- with. TO WHOM ! T ;,my CONO~P:t:r:"" 1lr. 8idlll@' R,. Sos1·l we.& ~eeooiated. with th8 .W:J::toi eney D0i,~~ti!t.~m·t Ot tlte City of Loe .an;~lot, :from J"ul _y· .25th t o Sop .-. tet.lb~r 1st~ 1916.. During that ,; i.;TW ~t•• S~;.f>,J'l s;v ert'I-. t· i& :t\tll. working hours of $'9'eey working day atrnisti :ng in t h~ :Oep~• "... mont.• z compn:ra-tive test {;) f horse- dr~1.Wn f l ntihir;g ., ruotu-1·.,.dx•i,;(;)_ n flu~J:li»g l si.:nd vaowm eleaning o &tl•ftets. ~ . :S.earl 's work ogn~i sted of me.ldns obaarve.tion.<:J t ~ tittte studies .of each of oul,&tions, ru«i o:t:te:ring gener a l aa-sista.noe and ~v1.ee in the oondi .c,t G:f tho test• £1,r .. Saw:-1 was 11loeely in to 'l.Oh wl t11 1JJ.l deta ils of 'the ·t,eo t find rende ·e,i Vftr y- vii luo.ole a · a istr..:n<:11.a. ery t ruly ;yo,1l"'$ • II. GENERAL SUMMARY • iOTOR-DRIVBN AND I!OHSE-D.RAWW STRKET Ftusmms lN LOS ANGELE$ With Some Data Oonoerning Vaouum Cleaning of Streets I. GENERAL SUt.IW.li-:C: This thesis presents the results of a. study oi' three different methods used in cleaning the paved at.r·eets of Loe }.ngeles • namely: 1. 2. 3., By motor.-dri ven £lusher-. By a battery- of two horse-drawn :flushers. By a •0 vacuwn'' street cleaning machine. The th.asis tnclu.do.s all deta ils necessary f or a complete cheek upon the To serve the purposes of the general :reader Who ~ not oare to go fully into r:ta tters o:r teohnica l detail., and to au·ord a general baeltgrou,nd f or thoae roadars who mey heve a teohnioal in• terost in the mass of detailed data presented, the present general S'Ull'.llnary is given as a preface to the report proper. m.e thods used and the oonolusions reached in tho st.udy. To the reader who ts interested in asoertalning most direotly the results of the study, fou.:r questions will at once p1•,Jsent themselves. These are: 1. What was done in oonduoting the test? 2. Whioh type of ·street olea.n1ng ie the cheapest? ~. Which type of cleaning i s most ~ffective? 4., What changes in equipmon.t and methods were suggGsted by the test? Those four questions will be briefly answered in turn. a. Four widely separated :flushing routes were oleaned fi~at by motor-driven flusher and one weok later by horse-drawn flusher$.. The work of ea.oh :f'lushor was olosely observed and a rooord kept of all pertinent data,. in• oluding the time eonew:ned in the various details of the work, the areas flushed , and the pressure at the hydrants. b. The routes we.re closely inspected before and a f'tei~ each flushing. Before and after flushing, -s amples o:r dus-t '11tere obtained from equal areas on the street's surface.. This dust ws.s we:11$h.ed and eoreaned. o. A few i napeotions and du11t tests were made in Pasadena, where the vaeuum street cleaner was operating; no vacuum machine at present ·o e1ng in opera• tion 1:n Los Angeles. d. Prom the data of time. ru-ea., water oonsu.mptipn , and ooq,onee for labor and services• tho three types of eleaninr; wore then oompru.•ed as to their cost to the city par 1000 square yards cleaned. e.. From thQ ai:nounts of dust obtained on equal strt-1et areas before and a.fte1· cleaning, a aimilru- oompa.i-ison waa mad~ concerning t he effectiveness of each type in removing dust. £. li,rom the, inspections made he:foro and a f ter cleaning, the three types 0£ cleaners wen-e compared as t -o their effectiveness in :i•emov1ng ma11uro ,9.nd other ooarse material• S• 2. Obse:rva.tionm made during the test a.nd data colleoted indicated the desirability of making oertai:n changes in equipment and methods in handling this kind of street elean,ing work. Whioh T;me of Cl~e.n1ng is the _Ohaape_!!? Under substantially identical conditions. with the men aware of the observa• tlone, the three methods rank as follows tn cost: a. b. 11- Va.ouum machi:no • approxilna.tel'1' 80% of horse-dratvn f lt1:sher oost. Horse-drawn fluah er lOo% of horse--d.r a,vn :f'lushe;r oost. ~ tor...d.riven flusher = l4o% of horse...dr~wn flu.sher eosto = Tb.ls dot-le not mee.n that vaouu.m cleaning and horee,,.,dra.wn :flushing will always be le·$& expensive than motor-driven flushing irrespective of the methods used in handling the ve-hieles. lt means that with the vehicles now used in 10s Angeles, at the prices paid for their servioe. and with the methods observed, the horsedrawn flushers were actually more economical tha.n the moto~d.riven :flu~hers , and :bhat the vaouum cleaner was moro eeonomioa.l than either tY,Pe of flusher. z. Whieb ?:'Y;pe o,£ Cleaning 1s Most Effective? a. Removal Qf Dust f'.rom Street Sy.rtaoe {exclusive of mrtt~rJ l l} 2) None of the three cleaning methode :rel'!l}ves all dust. The motor•drivsn flusher removes from 15% to 4(1,{&; averaging a.bout 26% of the dust. Z} The horse-drawn :tlush$rs remove from 4556 to 76%; averaging about 4) Three tea ts o-f the vaourun J:W..Chine in '.l?as.adene. showed 36%• 56% of the dltst. and 64% Pf dust removed;: averaging abcu.t 5Qib. 52%, Be-cause o,f' the small number -of these vacuum cleaning tests. a.nd because they were made. in l?asadena and not in Los Angelest- their res~lts are not necessarily oonolusive for vacuum o1aan1ng 1:n Los Angeles.b. Corgpoeition of Street Duet Be:for-e sn-d Ai"ter _Olaaning l) Considering the likelihood of its being dr'1v-en into the a11· by tr~:ffie, the dust remaining on the street a..tter cleaning 16 of pra.ctioally the same oompoeition ae the dust found before elea.ning, under any of the three cleaning methods •. 2) More aooure.tely compared with its original composition. the du.et re .. mining after cleaning by any of the three methods con"00.1na a slightly lower percentage of material retained on soreena from 110 to #50 inclusive., and a slightly larger peroentage of a ll finer material, 3) Jj'or ea.oh type Of cleaner the :percentage of very fine dust removed (i,e. dust p-assit1g n 200--®eeh screen) is slightly leas than th& p@r• oent~'""e of .§!ll du.st removed. 4) In short, ea.oh of the oleaning method.a seems to have a little mora effect upon the larger particles of dust than upon the $lllaller paxticles. 1) Notte of the thi"ee cleaning metho<J;s aomple,tel~r removes manure :trom t he su:rface 0£ the e.treet. 2) V~ouum cleaning is mttah more effective in this respect than either type of f lushing. The ho1•ae,...drwnn :tlushers have moire eff'eot upon ~ura piles than baa the motor--dl"i?en :£lusher. (Oono1us1ona oon... oerning manure r emoval m-e baaed upon oare:f'nl inspeetion bu ob:,ervat1c-n; i,.at u.pon dGfildte measurement. J a.. .fill ing F..a~ipment l) tlhe fittings and oh.eek vslves used in the hose of the horse-drawn t'lushe~ greatl7 reduce the f low of water tn2.~ough tl1s h~se. .B.y :i.ii.c rea,aing the s i ze of these fittings ani:l checks, t he time for ftllin.g the tat11i::s oan be reduced~ 2) \ff.nether t)r· not the time ~avad wou.l.d compensate !or the e1tpe11sa of re...,:fltting the ho·s e ill a question whioh should be: determined by a special test. b. Careful Routipg Both tY,Poe 0£ fluehers oan be l'it!Ore ef'feetively r ou.t,ed. Briefly stat ed, this would involve a olose ,s tudy o:f oaoh :route to l earn juat what is the reasonable tinle in whiel1 it should be done.. On t he basis of suoh - observations ~. $tops ml ght then be tnkon •to see tha.t tho r oute was flushed in the established t ime. l) It was :found during the test that various a.tree.ts f l ushed a.t the aame intervals Of time contained greatly dit'torent quantities of duet. Apparently either some were being flushed tao oft en or others were not being :flushed often, enough. 2) A determination of the prop&-r t1.Ille interval between <lleanings. 'be.sad on the ~otua.1 a.mount or dui.rt found on t .h s atroet • would oorx-eot either a too frequent o:r an inadequate service,. This of course applies to all types of oleru1ing.. • d. Restrietion Qt Cleaning t o Th ose Parts oi' .a Streat \i'J'llich Be()ome lltu,l'f l ) On many atre8tS- heavil;r traveled. b;; m~tor vehicles. the center of the street is kept entirel1 f ree from dust by th.a act ion of the air ou:rrente set up by traffic. on such etr~et s . all or the du~t lies within eight o:r ten fe et ot the ourb ,. llv1dently, on euoh streets, oleaning fo~ tl1e pw-poae of removing dust should be oonf ined to the pa1•ts of the str~et on whi oh duat is :foUJ:ld. 2) At present , the h orse.drawn tlu&h&rs :flush t h.e entire $t:reet and t he motor-dl."iveil flushera t'lusb all of the street except the aprons and, in some instances, the car trackth 3 ) By eliminating the clean areas from the flushing work. 'better results could he obtained f or the same money or the aa.lj'}a results for less . money. Thia oonolueion applies to all types of olea:n.ing. e~ More Advant~Q_u.s Stora.ge Points for Hor~~I\. li'lu9hers l) At present hoa.·se-d.J.•awn fluehera are kept at only two corrals - at 15th and San Pedro, v,nd a.t Yale- near .Al]line.. The dr1ve,i•a work eight- and-one•half houra, including all .time m;ra:,- from tho corral {except for lunch i • 2) f • .Evidently, :f'or outlying roi:,tes, a large pa.rt of the daily t1me is spent ill going to and frO?ll the route. A f.ew prop~rly looa.ted ~trmage 1,01nts in outlying o.istricts would largely eliminate this un;p:x.·oduotive. traveling time. Use Of a Sin,=;lp Horse-drawn Flush,er in Certain Loe~litie!! 1) On 23rd etreet, a battery ef two horse- drawn flushei"s operating in the usual way removed approximatoly 66% or the dust on the surface oi' the st:reet , e:z.alul¼ive of' the gutters. 2) on the s ame etreet at the aa.me place two weeks later, a ab.1gle horse<'u-sm:i. flusher remove,d a:ppro:dma.tely 59% of the dust.. At the point pf toat, 231:d street is paved with very ~mooth asphalt and is 36 feet wide. 3) T.h.e resultB of this test suggest that., in tavorable looalitiee, one flusher might be pra.etioe.lly as effective aa two. This is a matter for i"J.rther experimmtal consideration. P• Estimated Coat qt M.ashine-Clea.ning,All 5tra_fil The total area to be aleaned being approxlma.tely 496,712;200 equnre yards per year f 9r the entire city~ Cleaning MethQd Cost per 1000 Cost per Year . Saving per Yea:r over "Ho;rS:e--Clnr. Drawn" Dra:.vn" li~o htdil'.lg Includi ng Time to and r.rime to and f':rQffi Oo;i.•ral. from Corra! vac. sq.yds., 11 :Horse- Vaauum Cleaning 11.65¢ $ 67~900 Horse-drawn Flushing ineluding time to 13011¢ $ 68s200 ..,._ .. llorse-ditawn Flushing in.o ludi:ng time to and from oorPal is.20¢ $ 75,50.0 - 1iotor•driven Flushing 20.44¢ $101 500 and from corral - 0 MotorDriven" $10,300 $17,600 $43., 600 - $ 7,300 $33.300 -- - $26.000 ...... _... - These figures do not include the Coi t of hauling material after it is oolleoted on the street or of hand-patrol sweeping by day men .. 9 Becmt.1.so tha men wera aware of close Obse1~a,t1on. ·throughout the test• tbe coats obtained were probably a.e low as could be hoped for under the present methods. The table below gives an estimate of tl1a total o·ost por year . of oleani11g all streets by the various methodn bEtsed on the costs as determined in this test. Estimating 496,.712.,200 square yards to be elee.ned :per year,. we get the following: Oost Cleaning Method Vaou.um Cleaning :per 1000 Cost per Va.c. "Horse- sq.yds. Year Clru.·• Di•awnn Exe lUdil3g Driven" Including Time to and Time to and. from corral ±'rom oorral - f;il0t300 $17,600 ~43,600 13.71¢ $68.200 -- ...... $'1 7,300 1j33,300 15.20¢ $15;500 _.., - - $26,000 20.44d ~il0l.,500 - -- ,.._ - and from corral Motor-driven Flushing tt;Jotor• Drawn° ~p.67,900 Horse-drawn Flushing Including time to 'lio:r11e.... 11.. 66¢ Horse-drawn Flushine; Inolud1ng t !me to and from corral 1 pete.1ls Q:f above table Oosta per 1000 squru:•e yards ... soe Table 8 9 page 66,. 10 %II. OOROLUS!ONS l l CONCLUSIONS li. The city can operate a. battery of two horee~dra.wn flushars per 1000 aqua.re yards flushed :f."or less than the ao$t of using the rented rnotor-drivan f'luahers in the same work .. aasis of Oonalueiou C.,ost ;per looq Square Yardn lrlushed Route l , Route Routo R0t1te All II . Ill IV Routes Motor-driven flusher Battery or Twn Horse-drawn Flushers (elimi• nating cost of time to 12.10¢ and :from eort"a.l} :aa.ttery oi Two Horsedrawn Fluahers (includ.• 1ng cost of time to and f'rorn oorra.l) (For details o:f the above table, see Tables 9. 10. and 11,t on pag$S 65-66.} (Jompa.red to the • otor-drivan Flu.-me.r ~e battery of ho1~se-dre.wn flushera requires lesa Mine per 1000 squa:r'~ yal:'d..3 flu.shed. The battery o:f horse,...dra.wu flttshere requires le&& water per 1000 square yard.o flu.shed. (Du.ring the test the hora.e•draw battery averag~d,. per 1000 square yards flushed. 220 seconds spent on t he route f.\e oom-- pared to 268 seeonds spent on the route by tho motor flusher. Approxim~tely 360 gallons ot' water per 1000 square ya.1•da flushed wel."e used by the horse-drawn battery and a,t,proximately 450 gallons per 1000 square yards flushed were used by the moto~... driven f).u.Bher.} (For details o:r a.bova figures , see Table 4 on page 55 and Table 1 on pe.ge 45.} * This high cost was obtained on Central Avenue. It is due to the drtver •s attempting to really remov() mnnura by flushing. Ha o:t'ten backed up in order to flush soma manure pile twice. The effect on ma;inura was about that obtained by the ba.tte1-y of t\vo horse-drawn flusherli. 2,, The oost to the oity per 1000 square yards cleaned ia less for the vacuum cleaner than :for either type of flusher • .Basis of eonolp.sion -- Coat table abov~ .. Oontrao t :pricro :per 1000 sq ,. yds o tor vticu'!l.Ul oloaning - 10.50¢ ,.. 1 ~l§t ~otal ... 11.65¢ Other aharges a .. Neit her tha r.aoto:r•driv~n flu.sher,, the battery of hcrse.,.drawn tlus..l>:lers, ?lOl" the vaouum olo~:r removes all dust from the sur:raoe of th(;) street .. bo The OD.t tery of two horse•drawn ::f'lusl1era does better work in dust removal than does a s,i ngl e motO:r""-0.ri ve.n f l 'Uflher, ~sis of Oonalnsion. % ('by weight) of Dust Himaining af.ter ·Y-lus.h,ipg One Street (exclusive of gutters) Battery 01' !!\'to Motor...d.ri Vlltn Horse-drawn Flus~er Flushars Western Ave. (near 3rd} 5•7.~ 26.4i Hayden St. 51.5% 4~,.2% Pignel"Oa. 85.0~ 68,.3% . a;,.,% Wes.tern Ave. (near 4th) 62.9% 7th Street 87.7°% awi,et Blvd. z31·a st. c. ( No test made} •t ti n tt tt n (1':ro test ma.de } A£ter flushing by either type of flusher, ·the dust r em.ain1ng on the street (exclusive Qf the guttors } .~s 1) A sll ~ t ly sr.naller paroen:taBe of e.11 dust PfJ.:rtiolee U.}J to and including those ret&ined on :fH5-0 soreen. 2) A slig;itly larger ;percentage of' a ll ti.ust particles pass• 1ng a ., 50 .zc1•aen . pastsl Of pop.elu._@Jo,n • S&e averageB Of screening "t,ests, pages 46 & 48. d. 1/rom a few tests. rr1ade 1.n l>asadena, the vacuum cleaner .seems to be about on a par with the battery of horee•dl'awn flushars in dustremovi ng efficienQy. Basis oi' Conclusion street (Pasadena ) %of Dust ('by weight.) Remai ning ________________ af_t_e:r Vaau~ .QlJ~an.1~. {in Pasaden!,l Walnut (exclusive of gu.tter:~ } • ; ••• • . . .. • South side of California (exclusive ot gutters) Uorth side of Oe.11£01-nia " t, ,, • • • West side of Ra.l7mond (gu.tte1•s only) . . . . ♦. • • • East side of Raymond " " .. • • • ., • • (For details of above figures, see Table 27, page 148.) a.* Neithtlr type of flu-s her eatisfaotorily r@'.ioves maum·e• The work o-f' the bs.ttery of horse-aravm flushers 1a better 1n t hi"' 1•efipeot than is the work of the motor...d.riv ,.H:1 :t'lushe~• 1h .88.sis ot: oonolttsion ... Inspection~ ma.de beforo al d after fl"lishing by each type on the t.est rout ea. Judging from ""' few observations made in Pasadena, the V$:CU.ttm aloaner is appreciably rnore effoot i'Ve in, removi ng manure thon 1s either type of flueher, although it by no meaus removes all manure~ 5.. The oost of horae--drawn flushing rney be rec:'iuc,ed below that ordinarily obtained. Bas is of c.onQ111-sJ.2.!! Tota.l cost of flushing ·oy horse.... drawn batt,ery, based on Boo.rd -of Iu blic Wo:rl"S ' fi:t't1res for :fJ'ahrue.ry, 1916 ;; 25 .. Mi per 1000 square yards :flu.shed. ("<'or datails see page 68.) Total cost of :f'luahinr~ by horne... dra.'Vll batte:ry durinz te-at (1nclud:1.nc t ime to and from corral}: 15.20¢ per 3,000 sq.~da. :flushect . (Fo r dat al la o:f the above f igures. see Table 10 on page 66,} {l!ot-e.- Tho moaus st'lg'geated t·or deareasj.ng the ooet of :flush"" ing by horse-drawn battery are: a. Use of such cheok val ..,es and fittinga tor th& hose t hat the Opaj:l;tug thr oug..li the hose will not be 1•0- dueed below ~ineh diameter. b. Cfa-.raf'tll routing of !lushers, 1:noluding a determ1na,,. tion of the w·ork which should be a-eoomplished in eie-, ht hours .. o.. Cs.:ref'tll determination. o:f the prepe-r i'requetiay of f'l1,ish1ng for ea<'.,h street flushed. d, ReBt1t•i0tion Of flttshing to only- those portions of a stl'eet which b-eoorne. d.usty, (h Storage of the :fl-ushers near the a·~arting and ending points for those routes which are in outl;v:_ing diat~io te. f. In. certain £1:i.Vur able loaa li ti-ee the use o-£ only one ho;r~sa,.,ci?"awu fluali@r instead o:!' two. IV SPECIFICATIONS of VEHICLES OOMPLb'!B 8,P.EOlll'ICA!lONS OF f HE SANI!ARY HORS·~l>BAVIN AU!rol~IO ST.REEW FLUSBING .!fAORlNE (26 .o f which are at the pree'8.llt time betng used l>F ~e Stl"eet Department in the City of .Los Angeles. ) !fOt$ ..., !l?h.18 tn>e of ho~a~ nu.s her was -w,ed tor all teats ., .tn sh-ort• the mtYthod used tt..s that of utilizing air :presnre eeoured • bf torcl.ng w.a,e.r 1ntQ a ,o lo•oo tallk ~net th~ oo:nf1.ned. atr. The t$'ik: has s. wa.t~ oapooity Qf GOO gal,-lcma, e.ll.d is JllMG. ot boiler 11;&f1• lt le ao oonetrw,tecl tltat the ne~esae.ry air p:r.-eesu.re is automat• ioally ob:tf).1ru~d :tram tho .ti:r4 b1'tll-ant• when fil.llng w1 th wate;l". Nt au:a:- llla17 111S.Chine17. suob att engtne, pump .. or at:r oompreaao.r , is required. ·~ e pl"etHve on th~ o1ty watel.' ma!!ls dOea the ent1re work. 1.'he outlet val•• 1.s cont,rolled.. 'by a lever a't the clr1ver's seat• ad.Justed so that the operato·r haS p~teo\ eontrol over the wat&r iss,dag from the tlwming ~=zle. ~• truQJc 1• th.o:ro~ly !ron♦d throughev.ti S8"rell :patent type me&la; 21-,inoh axlettt tubular ateel •double- apringa ef •pecla.l de$1g:n; ti,ee,r $11.d. s.11 ,-ai-,ea ae mao o.:r bra••• Detatled 1nstnotlons tor ope,rat1rlg are ao follows: It is neoe.ssa17 to see that both outlet or flushing h•da ere closed• .m ,d the two valves. on top of the t&U'lk •tand afJ toll.ews, 4r1-rer's teat; Jmo;wn aa valVft No,. l; -,pen; let. Valve next to the othEir, valv9 N&• . 2 1 olosed. '-'he htse t, attached to the hfdnm.t. and the ~tne ts filled with water until ~e ~ at the rear end ot the machine regtetera $0 per cent o.f tlle pl"esaure on tho ~ant ( tor example, !f the watei.- prasaure on tho 1}$'.drs.nt 1e 60 pQ.Unds per aqual'e inoh 1 when the gauge .1nd1cateZ;J 48 pound& 1n ta.ld.ng th~ :ln1t1al alr pr essure. t\U'lt off the water at the ~drant} t then close •al•e No. l, which w111 held the compressed e.1r in the air COlBl.:>artment while the water eompartmant is draining ot water. 2nd. To drfµ.!1 the tf.lJlk of \Vater, open ·o oth tluehing lleads; immedi• ately t h ~ ~ r ~pen valve N-o. 2. there1J1· permitting the water compa:rtme.nt to empty o:t wa.ter,. di~plw.,t:ng the w~te1.. by another atmosph&r-tl oomi:ng 1n thrQ'llgh Valve No. a. When tl1e tml'.k 1s ~t,, valve Mo. 2 and. the f111$b.1JlS ht;a4s. are than closed. 3rd. ~ t ~ 1G age.in <Jf nneeted with ·the hydrant; to ~ pou.nda. itmlediatelJ the rue oornpletel!t the operation of what io lmOwn •s "chai"ging'' ,he ma.ohlne with the initial air pr.ea.sure. The lt.la0.hin4;1 is aet in ope1·~tion by opening the outlet valve leading to tll.e :f'luahi:ng noz:ale through Which the wattU- is di:re¢t.ed under pl'tssure 1n a t'laiJ -1>.eet .a\. a tuJl:torm angle ~hl'O tho aurfae.e ot the etre&t. !l!h.is oireratt,on. is cont1miod until the ~ a.t the driver's eeat reg1s,era, 10 po,mda .• which 1nt1oatea that the ma@ine it em,pty of water, with the uoeption of a t• gallou whioh it 1, n:eoe•s·a:ey to have 1•ema:\n .i n the dome or wate 11$41 under th~ ~•ar end tt the tank, ln or4•r that 'the preeiaure 'ltltit not uoap•• i1he iatlk ls sealn tilled with we.tel' without ~ ta.rther ID8111:plllation ot valv•• Noa. l an4 2. !l'heeae •valves !le•fl Only be toa.Checl twiee during the ~ • s work. ' In working UiY'• Important e~e,tiou tor open.ting are aa tollow•t Never use Dior$ than .60 :p~s workln.g pNaeure., Never perm1 t the tank to entt.r•lY empt1 of water, other than at the ;7 Dl"a..ln air ob.ambe:z, ot al\V water that ~ have been fo:reed over• by opentag t!italn cook bi the bott&lQ or the front <m.d ot the tank. when the maohlae ls not 1n ooum.11stoa. BeguJ.ate the flow Of the water :trom flu'ahlng htad l)Y O])E!ratlng lffe:r when working el&ee \o ourb. 1t arr, dan-s-i-· ot throwing wat•r on. atd.eWalke COMPLETE SPEOIF:tOAfIOBS OF THB MOR:mLA?iD 4--TON Sfti.E!' FLUSlt&R ( 6 ot wbloh oe at the pl"ea•nt time being used by the stree't Department 1n the Olty ot Los Angelea.) B()te - "1.ls type oi' motor was u.sed for all t ·e .stih OHASS.113 OA:P,AOU'Y • eooo pounds. LOADING Sl?AO:E (b.Mk Gt e•t) • 14 f.tet. ll)!t'OR • SPE$1al. Morelfal4 4..-cyl.tnde,... watcel'-aoolod, enoloaed tn,a, long strolct; bo~e. 4-r-3/4u; atnm, 6-3/4"; titted with MO:i:-•la:ad S$S- lt1er4t 000LING SYSTEM - Large h:paetty t h1&bl¥ et:f'iolent radiator •. awivel su11pensj.021 c;ont~~~taal JlWrl.P .eystm.. C.LUTOH - Mcllt1pl$. ataot 6,tlbeetos to- ato-01. Enol-oaed in alu.mi.:num ho.uslng. DANSMISSlON - Sliding gear' selective type. toul" apeedB fOrwud. one r~eJ;"Sft• !l'imkiPl l)8$1"1ngs through.out. IUUVE • Speol,al ahatt mm tran,arnla-$10tl to worm drlvct l"$ar ~l-a~ F.EWtE - 8~4181 alloy pnes$d steel" 7" deep. All ho).es drllle.d, hot ri,.~ed, trame h•av1~7 gu$eeted, l. 8 n I\, DiUJlb The main 4r1Ye shaft a£ the ohusla pliaiJGi throu.gn the hollow ihatt of the pu-.p, having a un1:versal. Joint and a bear1ng at eaoh end to pl°ff-81\t the shaft •tr1ki121 the tube. There la a two--,peed tranam1ss1on mounted. 1n tron\ of the pump, wb.lob: allowe the PQm.P ·to be cut oft from the engine, or to be 4r1-ven at two ditferent apeeds. OP&'R.ATIOUa ftle water 1• h.-n into the pump trom the tank through a ••:b141h pipe with a tlexl'ble oormeot1on. al.lowing for alight bod¥ JllO'Yelllen\, Prom the pump the water is forced into a l'Jlaln ptpe ~ 1nahee 1n cUameter. !h.1 • main pipe runs tol'WU'd to a header oaeting. !he f'lu&her aozdea are five in Jl'Qlflber, mounted tan shape on the header casting at the rront ot the ohasale. :Each nozzle 1a equlpptd "1th a val••• so that any or all ~ be out out. The main i'lulihlng "f'alTe 1a operated from the d.r1Yer•s seat. An lndloator la provided on tJie tank• to glve warning when the tank ta abou.t t'ull. A watw gauge t .a plaoecl Just b&bk Of the 4l"1ver•s seat to ahow when the tank 1s about empty♦ • The filling hose ia ·eqtdpped With a quick operatSng oonneot1on, and a Oheok Ya1"Ve to prevent the water in the hQee from nsh- 1ag out on the f1111ng ope:rator. Th• · -.peed of the Y$h1ole While t1'1Bh1ng t ·• fro~ two to tour mllea per hour. \lien rtumlng tale, i ••• when the oentr1ta.gal pump le d1aoonneote4• the mulmwn speed of the t112eher 1• ten miles pe:r hour. a apeoial gt)'t'ernor being attached tor this J,'egalation. Fl AXLES - Fl'Otlt, 1'1mken drop forged, heat treated alloy steel, I-btam eection. Rear• !r1mlten•Dav1d Browtt fa.ll tloating W.Ol'm dr1Te axle, JllO\Ulted on Tlmke.n be-a.rings. !'IRES - A:118 atc4al"d. malre, pteaeed-on tn>e, trollt, 36" • i" 111n,le1 WEIGHT OF CHASSIS• 6800 poun&e. EQU'll>AtEm • x.ohanloal born, full ,et of toole, 1Jlolud1ng Juk, grease sun, and all neoeaeat"y wrenohea. COLOR - Ohaeala ttnlahecl ln prlml~ coat and two coats ~av lead.• l'RIOE • $MOO. t.o •.b. taotor7, LG• Angeles, Ca1itorn1a. Oapaoit7 - 1200 gal.lone. Note .. Speed reduotion •11ow• 1nereasetl rating to oan-y 1200 gal• Length~ 14 teet. ateriel • Sheet ateel • ii1g1dl), co:natruoted. 'ltl.e bottom plate• $3:"e heaY1ei- than the reat ot the tank, which enables them to aaalst 1n oarr,1ng the load. Large air vente arid till1ng oonneotiona an provided. ls. motmted. on tive hea"f1 wooden allla; well braoed. lffie tank ?.he 91• pump 1• a two-eiage oent:rltQgal, aeelgneci and built eapeolall7 to:r the •rk. .Equipped with a hollow shaft. Oapaolt7 - 350 to 400 gallons per minute. At a nominal speed ot about 1400 a.p • .u. wtll develop 65 to 70 pounds preeeVfh TAe pwn:p 1• IUWQ.ted on three point suspene1on,- guara:nteelng perfect alinement. OOIIPLETE SPEOIFICM'IOIS OF THE OALIPOIUIIA VACUUM~ OLIWIER JIDmlte4 Oil a ~ n -•land~ • Staad.ar4 Cllaa11■ • Bott • Thia '1Pfl ot Vacrm:a OleaneJ"" wa, ueed tor all teat•• llowe't•r• thtt IM!lllF ftl80hlne• to 1>• ue4 1n the 01tJ' ot Loa Aagelea 'Will 'be JIMnUl\84 cm - - - • Kpelan4 i.raoJaJ. OBA8Sl8 0.APAOlff • 1000 poµnu. LOADING SPA.OB ('baok Of aeat} .., 11 feet, Jl>TOR • 0011ttn•tal 4-071ln4er, monol>loo .• waw:r-o.»pled. eno1o•ec1 tn>•• • • poww plaJlt1 -...•• 4-1/8"-1 ""•• 15-1/4"1 f1t-te4 •1tii .llffelall4 suln.-. u. p. - av •.e s. A• a. ra,~. eooLOO SYS!ml - ~ oapao1ty • h1Shl7 ettlolent radlator, •l••l n•• peuion, omrlfagal P2JI.P •1st-. lGIITIOB - High ··••lon iaapeto. OUJ!CI • .lllltlpl• '"-••• •benoe to ateel. Ea,IOlo•-4 1n al.umlnum houe1Dg with motor and t~••lon. 1'RA»SlUSSlOI • 8l1dlq gear, •eleotl'fe ~ NY•n•• ~ · · 8J)Gffl fOJIWal"cl, Ont flmkea 'bearlnga ~ . DRIVE• SpM1a1 llbaft fl'om tranaratealon to WOl"Jll 4r1v• rear gle. PB.AU• Speoial allOJ J)Nl8ed neel, 6" deep. .All hole• d1"1lle4, hot rt.veted• and tr_. hu,117 gueete4. AXLES - P.rGzlt • 'l'tnaken 4rop to.l'ged. heai treat... all07 .,.1 • l•beem •-tton. Rear• !l'lmkea-Da'fid Brown ftill float l.i,g worm drive. axle, IIIOmlted Q'll tiuen b-.rb'lgs. IIBBS • A1q !Sta:tl4al"4 make• p11ua-4-on tn,e. 3'" z 5" ■ 1ngle. Front, 34" X arr rear, fBBAD .. $8 1noh••. W.SIGH'l' OF OH.ASSIS • 3700 pmmds. EQUIP~ .. MGohanioel ho•r n, fnll est &t tools. 1noludi:ng Jaok, gireaae COLOR - Ohae:tl• finiahed 1n pi,o1alng eoat anci two ooat, gt'&J lead. P.RIOE - $1975. t.,o.b. ta.oto17, Loa A!lgelea, Oalitorn1-.. Details ot the l?ollett Patent ""' Operation. etc. The bln ia osmpoaot\ of two oompartmenta. the upper and the lotter. 1'10 upper oompartmant le d.etd.gned to ~eoa1ve all manura, 11ttEu.-, am other heaY.1 material ~emoved trout the 1tr.eet. The lOvt9i.' oolllpal'tnumt li'cl ios,1gned to eoll•ot all duet redM'ia from the street th~t ls not 4epo•1ted b1 the UppQr o0'l'l'l,Partw.mt. .61 • ,,, • ,½• long. 1'11$ d1-m,1on, ot the 'bin are &• x The lQWer OCWPQrtm8ll't 1a. 3 t r ~ •. 25'' ·deep, (;Ott Vllde, a:m1 rractle1ally all of the •terie.1 1& dep0sited 1n the upper oomp&l"titnent of t he bin. Sixty ( 60) gallona of water are carried in the lcwea- t1>mi,~m thr~ wnieh the ~atur-n ea."Tent at air ia directeel 1>7 ._. . of a battle pleite, the lower edge ot wh1ch ls a.pproxtmtel.7 one inoh Mlow tl\le 18"1 of the wat.t r. BJ' thie al"lrangement the fine &tat te extra.ct.a from the ounent flt S:i.w • and is coll~ted in the bottom of the 1ower oompartme11t at ma. A apeoial.17 4es1gned lllower is uted, 41splao.ing 6800 oublo ftet Of air por minu.te. lt ls 4r1Ten by a 20 R. P. marine 1.ype, 4-oylinder gas engine-, th1a engiJt being mounted in front of the bin. ihe blower a:re mouttd on the oame ffflmdatiOJh. 1'h.e engine and The a.\?" 1e ch-awn 'by the 'blower trc>m the upper com,Pertmer1t, onat1ng a :partial T~wn therein .. Th• onl;N opening by \'th1oh air may ante~ the eo~ment, tc> rople.oe the a.1:r rE11DOVed 1 1• through a s.l ot in the sw,tion head, approximately 3/4 ino.h wide• running th(3 entire l ~ h of the notion head. It 1q 1ihio aot1.on ot the air ruahug through the ~etton uad to the Upper oom_panment tlult remove• 41rt and lttter trom the street $d o.an-les i t to thie 00.mpartm.e nt. !t'he. 11uo·Uon head 1e 13 tee't. long• 20 inches w14ie 1 and 3 inQlles 1n hfd,ght • eleantng ta ono lftnke a ttr.1p l3 feet Wide. .s ide pl&N 1n the au.ot1on head... '1here le 18 inohea !hia is prn1ded S.. or4er that the ma• ohlne JDa7 thoroughly Olean the 8f.ttt•r wUihout 1nJu1ng the appu-atu•• In tther WQrds, a slight var1&tlo• 111 the pldlng ot the veh1ele will O$U&e no damage to the S'lil<Jtlon head♦ i\trther 1 emal.1 r•llera, 1"11tnn1ng .aaui.,t the ourb, $re pl&Qe4 at et ther end t>f the suet ion head. !I.he notion head is oonneoted to the bod¥ ot the machlne "bJ a 001- lapslble Oatxl'as pipe 8 inches in diameter. All the air enterlng the ,action head through the tl•t• togqth&r w1tll alJ. mate.rial remo:ted :from the etreet bJ the air rushing !nto the euctton head, ent•s the 'fippei- coDSpartment through thia pipe. A guide, oom»oeed ot a long iron rod with a short Chain attached at the end• ls ~onneoted to the veh1<>l• in t.ront of the driver's aeat. Thia ga1c1e enables the a.river to bep the auotion head within one or 'two tnohee of the OlU'b at a.11 times. The working apeed ot the machine la oat.r olled b¥ the ope.rato~ and ranges from ~ to 4½ mllea pal" hou,r, aocorcl.bg to the Tolume ot dJ.~ ':;on the street being cleaned. For rwm1ng to and trom work the suction he.a.cl ls raleed, which will permit a epeecl of lO miles per hour. There are four indc,pendent flexible bruahea made ot spring steel. Thea& bi"U.a.he!!! are :placed at an a:rJgle W1 th th$ line ele>ng wh!ch tlie ma• Ohine te travel~. and lO 111Ghe& ·1n frOnt ct the mt0t1()n ha~. 91hq do not N:l'fOlve, but. ac~ape th& $1Q'fa0Ei to1• the- pt\rr~a~ of looaenlr.ig an, 1112,\tar:tal tha.t miw1t aiShe.re to the street. After haring gathered two cubic ~ s . the 11tte,,- mat bo dumped. The curi•e-ut of air that p1Q.ks up the. ,weeplnga clepoiU,te about 98 per oent bl ihe laJrge <,lO~m,,1Jf the l"Emal.ning pai11. Whieh 1s the :tlneet of duet• ·f ollows the i,atu.rn eur.,:oot .ot ail' cmt throu~ n pipe into a b1n (? feet. lo~ and. 20 hlohea wide) wh1ah 1, logated laslde the lower oompa.rtment. ~e water in th1.s bin 1s about one inch deep• the sides o·f wh10h are rour 1nu.e~ abov~ the bo-ttom o.'t the- l .Q.We1t bin. T.bJ.s oauees the return ~ of aJ.r to paas tlll"Oush one inch or water, wash• uig it rte• from fine as, 'beto~e 1\ tseapea. V ILLUSTRATlONS VI DESCRIPTIO?T OF .TEST DESCRlP:i.1ION OF TEST At the timo the te-st 1.1epn (July 26~ 1916,} the City 0£ Los .Angeles was :t~ushing its paved stx-aets by two methods• namely: (l) :motor•drlvan flushers and (2) batteries of h01·e&-dl•awn flushers oone1st1ng o:r two vehicles ea.oh. J~lso • a.dvert1eement$ had been published asking for bids for meohanioa.1 dry cleaning of paved street.a ; bi<l,s to be based on a given price por 1000 aqua:r~ yards cleaned. , Fluahers Used and Basis of Pa..y The .~mot or i'lushere used Eu·e five in nu!?lber , ma.nutaetured by the Moreland Tru.ok Company., of Los Angeles~ and operated by T1'70.n & Brain, contractors .. ~ey are of 1200 gallons capacity each, and are designed to be us,(l either et$ street sprinklers or as flushers, the dlsohs.rge taking plaoa under pressure c:reatet1 by a aentr-1:f'llgal pU."6'J? in the discharge main, the p'll:mp 1•eoeiving its pow?r from the truok engine.. The oity ia under co~traot {e,Jcpiring in March. 1916. } with Tryon & Brain to use all five trucks as street sprinklers at least eight hours per day, it being optional with the city to uee t hem on certain hol1~~s and in rainy weather. ~e contract 6!,>60ifiea that 1::f the city so desires it ms,y use the trucks sixteen hours per day, ao sprinklers o:r as f'lusherB or both. For eight hours per day ootv.al work on the sprinkling or flushing route the oontractore receive 1~15o65 per truck, and f,or sixteen hours pel." day actual ,vork on the rout~s. $29.42,. 'r'a.e city is using the trucks ~ight hO'IU'B in the daytime a,s s_p rinklers a-11d eight hours in the night ae flushers. The horse.-.draw11 v ehieles used 8J:e 6OO...geJ.lon Studebaker and Sanitary "Automatic Fluehersn; t he prossnre £or :tlµahiug beiug air pressure ob• te.ined by »oner ,ing'' at the hydrwte. The £luahere are owned by the city and t ?le teams are owned ~Y the drivers. The city pqs its drivers $5.oo per oight llours of work fox· his services and that of the team. !fhe motor---driven f'lushers are pa.id only f rir time spent on t he flushing 1·oute t while t he teams are paid tor all time aw~ from tho city, O01.·rals. Horse-drawn :flushers are kept at only t\>VO oo:rrals ( the 15th St. Bl.1d the Ya.la St. ) . Method of FlushiM The motor i'lus.hars were equipped wl.th tiv~ flushing nozzlea plaoed in front of the machine 1:n a fa.n- ehapecl olustal.'". On broad at .t--eete the noszles on one aide of the cluster only a.re uaed !>..nd one-half Of the ·., .s t1..eet is flushed $tone operation. On :na.rr~~ streets all five no~zles are used and tl1e entire street is f'lusheo. e.t one 011era-.t1on. The borne-drawn fluehers work in batteries of two each. Only one flushing nozile is used and t he tivo hal-v-es of all streete ai·e covered separately. One fluaher goes a}lead 11 flushing e. strip from the middle of the etrsQt to the ourb. The other flusher follows in a path lying oloser to the ourb. so that t he strip flushed by it has already. in part. been covered by the other flus er. In this manner the surface of the street nearer the ou.rb whiah oar:riaa a lai•ge proportion of tho dust is flushed twice. Object _o f Test In view ot' the bids fol" fu.•y olooning to be reoeived and the oontem... plated uso of both flushing .and dry cleaning tor p~ved atreetu" it eemed deeirable to conduct a test f,o.r the following purposes: a. To leaiin the eo&t to th:e City of Los .Angeles .o f flushing 1000 square yards of pa.vsuen:b by the motor•driven. flushers now used. and by the horse-.drawn :fluahers now used. b~ To learn the oleanlng e:fi'ieiency o:f the motor...driv-en. flush• era and the horse-drawn flushers now used in Los Angeles. c. To le,arn vthe.t conditio'tls, if any. ~ be so ohanged or oon- trolled as to increase the economy or cleaning e:f:fioieney of eithel' t ype of' fl.usher• Cost_s.... ~•or the purpose of determining ooets, the general plan was to have ident1oal routes eovex-ed by both motor-driven fluahars and a battery 0£ two horoe-drawn flushere. Observers were with the vahioles in each ease, i n order that there might be no doubt as to what actually oonu.rred,. and that a detailed analysis might be made of any dit'ferenae in cost betvieen the -mvo ty-pes of vehioles. Effiaienoy of Performance The "dirt" on paved streets oon.sists almost entirely of manure and of liBbtw &mall-weight particles -o f mate:rial which may be classed a.:; ndu.st. 0 In this test tho effect of :iushine on eaoh of these t\vo general classes of street dl:rt wa.s inv~et1E,-ated eepa• ra.t_e.lF• • i'h@ . !li.) ;feot oi ll'lttsm;ng oil lJ.e.n~re was determined by inspection only,· Because o:f the bulk of the rna.terial, the eye can readil~ 88f3 Whether o;r not it ha$ been removed and may Judge, at le4&t ND!gnl,.y, as to th.e extent to '-'.thich it has been dieturbed~ Inspections were ma.de before ancl a:t"ter flushing by each type of flusher, and notes were ta.ken of t he location and condition of ali manure piles on tlle ron.te. These in.speotions were made as neat"ly be:fpre da:rk as possible on the night du.ring which the £1-q.shing wa.e done. Early next morning the route wa.s a.gain oov• ered and by referring to the notes of the previous night the e-: fteot of the flushing was determined.. In Determining the Effect of Flushing on Street Duet a qua:n• titative test was made. A detailed description of the method is given later. The theory upon whioh it wa$ based is tha t, by weighing tho dust obtained from parts of a small a.rea free from manure, the dust on the unoleaned similar parts of the area oan be determined with a fair degz4ee of acouraoy. ~nen after the araa has been flushed; by weighing the dust remaining, a fairly olose estimate of the percentage o! dust removed by the flushing rnay be obtained. Q.uantitative tests wqre made before and after flushing bf ~Qh type of fl'Mher• Aleo ·&. few eu.oh tests wero ma.do in l'a,;,adana on streets cleaned by the -vaauum ol.ea:nor. ll'ill1m; !Juipmett't !l!h~ moto~Jv~ tlush~rs obsorved were all equi1wed with 3•1nch hose £0:r f 1111ng the tank. • The Qpem.ngs i:l:i the h;rc.rrMta a.:N, ~ lneh.a$.. The hoae .o f one mo.to~•flueher was eqtd.pped with a oaeoll: valve whose ·o pelllng wa.s not less than ~~ inehes • and with a patS'nt ' 1q·u ick ooupler0 for attaehlng the hoae to the hUdrant. 111a other three motoi-ii,..d riven :fluaher.$ obaerved. were opeziating witbout Ohttck val~e-n and with the ordina.ey ty-pe o;f oou.pluig.. ' ~ . hors8'!-dra1m fluahers ~e ordinta.ril.1' equipped with 2},-inoh hose inside of' whiah a.:ra aheok Yal:ves whioh cut down tile op~nin.'.) through the ve.lve to l,i,•lnoh diameter. The hose 1& equipped with the oi•diJ18.1"1 type o:f' owplb~ whiOll. !i ti;. inside of th-a 2½-:tneh hose, redueing its actual ,diam:et~r a:t the coupling to about 2 !nohes •. We wi&had to investigate the relative ooeit o,t tluahir);g by the two types Of vehioles operating under as naa.rly as possible the same ~ter• nal oondl tions. i-.. idontly- large fittings and a pro1>ar &1~o Of oheok valve may ba useu as ;raadiJ.t on a hor1u.-d1·awn flu&hGr as on a mot.o r• drivexi f'lll.Sher. Fo:t· th1& reason it was don1 rable to equip tho horse-drawn i'luahers l.l.t1ed in the toet with hose wl1lch would. not ®t dOwn the efteot1ve opening below ~ - inohes •. whidh is the opening oi' ~e hydrant. With this in view. ~inOh canvas :fire hose with fi;re coup;Unga and no cbeok va.lveas·• ,wer.,e provided for the wagon flushers. This hose had an u.n1ntGrrup·bed openi ng Of 2½ inches throughou:t. It was u.sed on Routes I and I~. However, i t was found tha.t t lie canvas llOse was uneuited to the purpose. and beaauee 01· the man'e efforts to keep trom. getting wet. um.oh time waa lost in uno.oupling the hose. Withottt oonsul ting those conduatJng tl1e test. tho fl,~shing fo1•ema:n r~oved the oanvu hose and repiaeed it w'ith the ordinacy- twa. eheok ValYe and alh Theret·ore, Routes land II were oovered by the wagon fluehera using hQ8e without oheok valves. and: Routoe III and IV by wagon using the ordina.ry small"" opening ahecks. Four w1d.el,y sepa.rate<1 rou.toa nol"'mally boing fluehed oy motor--dl•iven :flu,sh~rs w&re salected for the truJt. Th.es.a routes were ohos.on -W1 th the purpose of eni>raaing as many d1f.te:ren.t conditiottlil as possible 1n a 11.ffi.ited time. ~he streets in ea.ch route toJ.low: Route I• Westel"l'l A~e• from Adams to Santa aon1ca Boulevard Serrano t'rom 6th to Gth oxror4 from 5th to 6th • Canvas hose was used because the t'iN hose fittings would not go on the nb~er hose. Check valvee are needed to prever1t tho man trom ge'l;tlng wet when loading. Evident11 hose and check valves o-r sufficient e.1 se ~ be provided for wagon tluehers. To save the expense of so equ1pp1ng the waeons eolely tor the :purpose 0 £ the teet ruld yet to approximate the oon• di tion ot propei- opening through the hose, we proposed to oonduot the test with the hose desor.ibed above. 11oute II .,. Central Avenue from W8$hi:t1gton to Slauson 38th St. from Central Ave .. to Long .Beach Ave. Asoot from Z8th st. to 43rd St. Route n1 ... Nurth .Bro~y from Avenue 16 to '.Priohard Prichard from North Broatlway to Mission Road Workman from Ma11itou to Pasadena. .Avenue Avenue 26 from GrU':fin to Daly Daly from l"aaad.ene. Avenue to North Broadw~ Avenue 20 ttom North liain to san Fernando Road Hayden from Av--enue 20 to .Avenue 23 One side ot' :Pasadena. Ave~ t:rom A-:veM 18 to .A-:te. 20 Route IV - 9th Street from :F1ga.eroa to Vermont 7th .Streat from Fi guel"Oti to V-erraont (}iota ... On some 0£ the st:reets i n the above routes t he , oar tracks were not flushed, while in other streets they were. Sust what :po;rtio:ns o:f the s'treets were flushed will be found under the heading "l>atailed Data and Caloulatione, 0 pages 152-155.,) Time Studies An observer followed a. motor flu.sher over ea.oh route, making det~tled notes o:f tho path to11owed and of the time consumed in the vm-ious elements ot the work,. and reoordect; l♦ 2. 5.. Tho following observations were made ~1me spent in moving fo1-wa.'t"d to load 1'imo. spent in ttioving be.<;k:wa:rd to load T:itne s1:rent standing at hydrant a.. lh Se:f ore water begal1 t o flow Diu•ing Vla.te:r :Claw 4. a. A tar water oeused to f low Time spent in moving f orward to the point at which :flushing begina 5. Ti.me spen.t in moving backward to the point at which 6• ~,. Timo spent in tluahing Time spent 111 tu.i•ning &• To lo.ad b. To flush Time .a pent i n delays flush,tng begins a. a. bo :aepai~ing Traffic (hi Other • 9" Path of flus.her 10. Lo¢~tion af hydrants U$ed ll. Whether o:r not tank was empty at beginning of filling At the ne.."tt regular flushing time (one week later}• the same route was :fluohed by a biitt(aey of two hors.g.,.d1"awn flushars .. Two obse:rvere followed; t-he ·t'lushers, one with each wagon, taking notes of the details of the \Vork similar t o those taken f or the motor- drivon flush.er, follows: as 1. Time spent go ing from corr.al to the flushing rov.te 2.- Time spent going from route to corral Time spen.t in going to the hy<ll'nn:t t .o load e.. Moving b,. Wa iting :fo1· othe1· flusher to get out of the wa.y ~!Jae s:pent in standing at hydrant a . Be:f ore vmte:r begins to tlow o. Du.ring water flow <;h J\,:fter water oeaaed · t ,o flow Time &pent in moving from hydra.nt to flushing point Time spent ln fluPhing Ti t!le spent in turning a. To l'1la.d b. To fl unh s. 4. 5. 6. ?. 8. Tirne spent in delays Repair1215 1'-ra:ffi C Ct Other Pat~ of flusher Location of hydrants usad Pressure in :flusher tank at beginning and end of eao~ filling ari. . b• 9. lo. 11. Inspection For the ptu·pose of det.~l"".t1ining to 11hat e:g:t ent :flui't'.hing :removed man,µ.-e, each route Qtlvareu duJ:ing the teat -vras 1nspeoted both before and aft.e r ea.eh flushing . l~lu.shine ooourr m1 at nif~ht.. :tnspeotions wer~ made juot before dark and ea"l"ly t he next rno1•11ing . On ea.oh of t 1e four rout.es t-. aoo.tion of street was seleated for use i n determining the pe:r~e:i:rt age of ditt:1t removed by flush ing. The seotion selected was 50 :feet long aud. :t"reo f rom visiblG li t tru·. ! ta width ,1as t he ·;vi dth of the etr5et {o • t hat pa.tt of the~st r -ee'ti which \'lt,q; fluohed} leas A gu:ttt>r strip a t each 0---w>'l>• The g.itter s tri ps V'T e:re exclud~d i'rom the te$t al"ea beoauaa. o:t t he d.epoei'ts 'uhat mit,; ht ooour in them from the t l1.tshing of other sections of the street , and because ueu~l ly they would :not be dry in t ime £or a, :pl"Oper cu!,l))l etion of the test. ~he t est m,oa was d ivided into five equal eeetions~ ea<.m 10 :feet wide.. Asau.'7la t.hem ri.s numbered oonseouti"V'Gly l to 6,. Sections l and 5 v:1ere oleanoo very care:ru.lJ.y befoi·e :flushing as late in the evening ae was possible, to avoid interference from tra:ffin and to n.pproximate a.e closely a:S posei bltJ the! s treet coudi tion at the tir.1e of f lushiri.g. Soft 11 fine•ha.ired pu.sh brooms were usetl .. i~he EJ-weopin.g was ciarefully and tho1·ougt)J.y tlonc and the clea1lil'lf;e were collooted ars.d. t,,o ma:.-ked as to identi fy th0 t-H:ctiOl''l. ot their origiU• .ti.:?.xl y the follovling mo:i-.-nint~e attar the street had been flushed and ha4 dri ed. out, s.nd before tl10 r egu.lar hand...s.waeper and the :run flow of tra.:ffio had o,ome on. Section 3 waa cleaned in the eame manner11 Sections 2 and 4 were not us ed ex.eept t o pr•o\1:lde e.:t•aas cont iguous t o Se~tion 3 \vhieh. would correspond to t he reat of tl.e street. ~'he m~t eria.ls ooll octed w.@re cm:re:tully waighe 1. and screened. The average of the collecti ons from Sections lend 5 was used as cloeely approxima.t i n. the weight and composition of dirt on Seetton 3 be:t'ore flushing . The ~ig:ht and compoeition of <lir t on Section 3 after flushing was obtained by diroet experiment a s explained above. (NotG - The relative poGitions of seotions oleaned were ~ornetimBD ohanged from that givan above, when stmh ehange W$S m.n.de necessary by litter ooourring on one Of the test s eet i ons before completi on or tho te3t.. T.h.43 rletailed de... aori_,:Jtion v ea.eh dust t est made i$ givm1 on pa.gee 69-121.) -J 8 VII •.1>1SCUSSION OF l}ESUL!'S JJISCUSSIO$ OF R.WSU.Lm!a In considering the results of thie test, ona sbould 'bear in mind the following: 1. ~ota.l oosts ot· flushing oonsist o:r a.. Time Costs 1) Rent of ve.~1ole and driver f or moto~•driven flusher ,'la.gas of driver with team for hoi•se-drawn :flusher 2) Foreman's wages ( :t'or both types of flushe1•s ) 3) ilaintenan-ae; depreoiation. and interest (for hors8"'-drawn tlushere only} b. 4) Work:ntm •o compenoa:tion insurance on all labor working dh•eotly '!'01• the city 5) Administration e1..i,enso on· all of above items Water Costs l) 2) c. Yards.go Costs l) 2) 2. Produotlon ooat Of water used Administration expense on above eost Culvert and oateh basin cleaning Sweeping gutter deposits Total eoat of vacuum cleaning oonsiets of El♦ Yardage Oosts l) b. Oontraet price per 1000 square ya.rds a leaned Time Ooats l) 2) Forema.n•s w:;.ges an.u w·orlonon'a comperu1ation insurance Administration In thi$ report the elements ot cost are given separately aud ill detail. 3. The "time datau \Vore obtained in a. short test during \Yhioh the drivera o.f both typos o:f fluahera were aware of obae;rvation • i,Vhich tends to give minimum values of' time for both t;v:pes. Thia is entirely desirable, since it give.s a oomparison betwef\,n the t wo types of. equipment unaffected by variations in tha honesty and industry o.f the driver. The waste of time by the men is .a problem of' acltniniatration and not one o! equipm~nt. In any o-ane t he results f or the t wo types of £1uahers are directly oomparable-, 4. All drivers ~ e:re av are that the routes :flushed were being inspec.ted for the purpose of determining the effectiveness Of f luahing. None of tham, however• were aware of the nature o:f the dust test or that any partioule.r srnall part o:t the route wa.s to be especially examined, 4l11 5. The quantitative du.st tests show a high percentage o:f' good results for this olass o:r experimental work. Out of twenty•three separate tests only four gave npparent]J[ u.m,.ea.sonable reGults, showing more dust on the street .a:f'te.l." f'lush1ng than before.. ~wo o:t the• four were m .d.e du:i·ing a high wind on El;';.&t Fil'Gt St:rQet, the street ca.r1•ying vory little dust and being under very heavy traffio" The other two were on Central Ava. i, wh.toh is a. heavily t1~a\tele.d atre•e t, especially in the ver-;,, earlf morning hours. Al'though., as explained in connection with tho details of 88.(}h test {see- pages ~ aua. J.i(it5l, these apparently unreasonable re&mlts may- be en·c irel¥ reaa onable, we considoret\ it best to negleat them. This is fai~ to each type Q:t" :tlU:6her, 6$ Eta.ch ahowad to eq'tlal disaa.vantage in au.ch rGsu.lt~h 6.. At the time that t h.e battery o:f hor~e-drawn :f'lu.sh ers was oover1ng the routes at lower oo~t than the moto1....driven :flusher, 1 t -.vas also do.ing a higher quality o:f' work. 7. Although the o:ff'icial day fo1~ the horse-drawn i'lushers ls eight hours,, f or soma time past the mHn doing thi i~ work have been volll?ltar$.ly donating to the city the servioes of tha."'llsalvae end thei.r teams during one•halt' hour e,rtra t1roo en.ch aa,. lf this fa.ct wer-e oonsidered, the aotual cost o!' covel'ing the- teat routes by the horse•drawn battery would be still lese tl:1an the figiu-es glvon in th.is report. a. :Not only ·1.ne. a.Vera.go for .all routes showed the hors&-drmm :flushing as oneaper, per 1000 sqttare yaris, than t he mot or-dri van fl ushitt{h but the same thing \Vas true to a greater or less degree upon each of the four routee tested. ln the follov1ing pages the more 1::npcr tant rasul ts obtained in this teat a.re di&ausaed in detail. DISCUSSION O:F AVERAGE RESULTS ~CiAR~ MO. 1.. Slrl11,1;1AR.Y QF, TRS'.J~S - SHOW TNG QQivIPARATJ~. l'F:l:tF0~1WlCE ~lID tf.NIT COSTS that t he ad.di ti'1IJ,al. gutter and culvert ol es,ning alid tho aiidi tional water used eaustHlJ t he total Ql lf(lTOJl~D,RIVE~ ~.,LJlSJmR.,., Jo;as,;.w;;_p 1fti.U~HJm. AND VACUUM CLEiuii, ! lowing: The more 1mp,crr·tB:nt findings of t he test" shown gra:p111.oa11y by t his eha:rt, a:ro the :fol- f'1u.s hed was rough7,;r e qua! t o the ·pereent ~ge Q f total dust The 1~ro~..ntage of very fi_:n.e dust (passing a 200.... ma.£;h sereen) rr,m G-Ved l>y each type, of cleaner va.ilab! e.- nex:'i; 1n ol"der or expense f t hen tho horse-drawn 11at t e ry .,. ·k lxolu.aiv e of t he time to and from the -oorz·al; and l@.st •. tho vae uum a1aane::r a.s t he l ea.st u2..1,t&nsi ve method ., • ...--,, &. 1he motor-th: i ven nus her left on the ·1~ st.r N.~t a greate,r percentage of dust t han the hors6- drsi,wn b attery . The resul t of a few dust t &at .s -€In et~eets i n Pasadena covered by the v~unru.m e1$ane:r must be ttsel wi th s&me O•antien~. f or the re f.!.so11 thst -00nd.1t1ona may d if•f er somewhtllt. fhe data ar e given as the best t hat were penai ve. ~he hqra·e--d.ram flusher battery, inclus ive of t he t i me t o and fr om the oo:rral.,_ 00 n1e s thtul when part of tha time i s used. · in goi~ to a.nd f1"om the corral• 5. Consldering all costs per 1000 sq. yds., cleaned . the motor ... dri ven f1ushe-r is the most ex- is less v-men al l .o:t t he t1rae i s spent on the route The eoet per 1000 s q'!> 7ds~ -flushefi.. of {i:o~u:rse, co .$ t of t h~ 8 hours spent <i>n the. rottte to exeeecl. the to·tal cost &f 8 hours i ncl nding the ti me goi ng to a:nd f'rcm the c oTl."8.1 .• 1. ThG e.verage area fl.ushed per 8 hour's 1)y the ho?se ...-d1'"aw11 batter y was greater than that flushed b;y· t he mot&r-d:r.-1.ven flu.sher« This was true per 8 hou:rs of aetua1 work on tbe route by tho horse--drawn b&.t·tery and als~ per 8 hours of wo1•k in<ilu.ding the t ime to aud f :t:om the 001--rali. 2. The motor.... fl11sher used mor·e water JHJJr 1000 eqn e.~~ yards nush~d t ha,n the hol"se--irawn flusher. is Note~ Somo o:f the water u sed by the m(')toi~ flu sher ioes not strike t'he pavement • but is sp:r..ayed over the e·nrb and aid.ewalki>c On na.rrow e·treets the q11:Mtity 0, f this wa.s·t ed water eomHdernbl~. 3. ?lie time. used In the aetu.61 fllldt mg of t he stre~'t was great 01.. fol"· thft m&tor.-·d l!'ivan • .flusher· than ftiJr th e .h<:ntse- d)tawn b at fi ~·e y; that i s* the- upe-etl a£ the· motor... dri"iten f'luahers while flus hing wa~ l~H3$ ·t han t h e speed • f tho horse-drawn fln shers while flushing. y &.rdnge, 4. Tho total cost l,'te1· H- ho.u :t" a~v i s greater ±"o:r the moto1.•.... a:r.:t. 'Ven f lu.shar· t h~n fo r the be,tte:r.y e f two hors e-dr awn flushers. This t ·( rtal oot:Jt pa,,:- day f:o r the ho=r s.e.... d:rs.wn batt ery in greater whon V;rt;J er.llude the time t o and !rem iihe oo :er-al t lum vihen we in... olude thi.s time. Thia al)parently oontraii-e... t o1"7 faet is du.e to ocsts other . t han thoa e r.le-pendent upon time.,. name1J'! c ost G'f wat er and cost of gutter and ou1vert e1ean1ng; so that 8 hours sp~mt i n ac-tunl flitahing wo.rk by the teams so increases t he rG.'lH)Vei. ;The- t eeta show the three- e l sm ing meih ods r anking in tho semu, order f o:r this f i.no dust as as t l1.ey did for all duet; th~Jt 1:e ., the n1otor... d:ri ven f l u shel" rEJnoved lose of the f ine dllt.$t th3l"l t ht) v~eu:um cleaner, tual the vacuum e!.ea!1-0r rffll. oved les-s t han the horse-drmm battery. Fo1" ·(;he r ea son stated above, t he :r.em. lts of t he 1:r acm1n1 me.ch i ne t ests are not en-'Girely conclusive ... One :,1otor-a.1.·ivo11 Ylur:hor .BatterJ 01.· '.i.\,;o 11ors~wn l<'lu.shere I.nclt,.eiv e oi:' ry•lmo :t'rom E:-:clu:dve e,f to and 11.15.:ne to and corral f:rom co.1:Tcl Ve.ou.um Cleaner Area Flu.shed 1J 0 1' G-hr .. ua.;yJ.07;,450 ( S(!,llH.:r o ~/ &J1~u.s } &llo11s of \ia-,.01' :per 1000 squnr0 ;y·arcls fluuhed rnl,129 4b2 flushing ~~ ime p er 1000 sq ,,.ara yards (secon<ls } 119 76 l'otal Cost Jier 8-hr. day ~ost per 1000 squ.ax·e yards cleaned llo65¢ ~ of ali Du.st re!Zk'!inint: after cleaning ,,t '/3 Of' 1 •01J. 0 f /;..r ~. ..i V 7,,-,1v·i·'+: .c1• J::~ -.) "-..,r,., ;:, \J ,,. ♦ 2t)O • scrHen x-e'TJt';.ining t'.,fter cleenh1g - - - - - - - - - ~ - -·,_.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 4------.v---•- - - · - - - -- - - \peta.D;_s of above table OH.ART NO • . 2 AVERA.GE RESULTS ll ft J.f1;e r fl.u sh:tng by- e:l thar ty:pf>, the dust re- fte r'" a Ul'"V\:H:h &e~e_:Q.f!_iy Tes.ts of Dust on :Paved _S!;reets ~~:for~ and Af ter Oles,ni~~ Chart Ifo ., 2 shous :t:or ea.ch tirpe o:f. alaanor 'fthe ma1ntng,,. eempared. ·to i t-~ o:t"ig i na.1 oompositton.,. the avera.ge :results of a atu.dy eoneem ing ·ooorgo-si tion of ·t he dust on t he s·t?·eet be:f:o:te m,d fJ On tains a s lightly smaller !')Hrem t age oi~ ms;t el"i al npe:r ceit by wet ght r·o maining on However,. the horizo1rtfJ.l soale is not no In sho:rt ~ t he flner parli oles of d 11st The soo1e t hing i s true of the vac uum cleane r, partioles. are 1.osF.J t:,;ffeeted by flushing than are the l a rg~r No .. 200 . t :-dr1ed ot1 so r-eens Nos o 80 1 100 ~ 200 ,, and. pass! ng and a sliglr'i;l7 l a r ger percm tage of materia.l re- . r~trd.n8d on screens Nos .., 10 .. &O., 30. 40t and iO,; after e1@a ni.ng Note tht'4t the vertical s ca l e of this · chart to i a unifo:nn and that '\te.r t ioal d.itr t m:100 i s :propor- t i onal ser'® en. 1" unif'ol.'n! ~ nnd hori2r>.ntal dista.ne e- here ha-s Therefore the shnpe s of' the sig:ni:f'ioano e exc·ep·t; that :.l"'G isolates the da:lia. fo1· each screen.,. remove more but to a 1,e,as degree... to ou?ves 8,S affeot ed by hori zon-t a.l d:lst anoe axe nearly an ,e ven percentage of all s izes of mate1•ials seems of :no 1.mportanee; the im--po:r tant t hi.ng being the ·thin the fluechers. H; r.els tiv~ ver•tioal position of t he nbef o:re" ro d ! -... ··11 TABLE HO. 2 %by Weight Remaining on Screen -----·--------· - ---------------------------Battery Of Vacuum Cleaner Tr"IO No. Jn.e Moto:..-cl:dV0ll Flusher Be:fore .After of Flushing Flushing f 10 4. -• 69d ;o !).5et; # 30 # 40 G.ao-;b Screen i 20 I 50 # 80 f.100 f200 Passing) !f200 ) Total Horse-drawn Flushers .Before After Flushing ·Flushing in :Pasadena ;Ste1• "Before Cleaning . ,.~ Olea.ning .t··• 35<-'l I'-' '1 2~1 8 184 3.63% ~~. 87% !h23% a.73?; 6.97% 6.837; 3.82°/4 Ii 2 ,,<,,J /0 6.18% :,-'! 5 • ,,;i..,,p 2.2z,i 10.69% 5.S0;6 2.6e,i 5. 66Gl ~-· j 'i; 'le23% G.01% 3o9~; 10.33% 11.2o% 6.50;& 5.77% 10.28~6 11.08% 10.611 11.51% 4.08% 21.18% 26.2~ 1 30.33;:Z 16.48% 4 .85% 20.43% 16.00% 3 • 7'=i.J "" ') 52r.,i?i 2"',..,.. f-,tr;t v,; • noc.1 .., 7:. 37.56% 34.87% 36.73% 15.62~& I 19.77% 100.00'fo 100.001l 100.0<>% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% :Ai . 4.04y; I 4.63% ( TES 'I'S US1ID IN A.SQVi; AVEHAGES Motor-driven Fl~aher: Tc-)sts on Western Ave. (2} • Hayden St.• ~Ith St.• I'igueroa. St.• and sunset Blvd. - 6 in all Battery o:f Horse-drav11:. J!'lus.~: Tests on 23rd st. (1). 't'iestern Ave. (2). Central Ave. (wes·t side)• Hayd8?1 St •• and 7th St.~ 6 in all Vacuum Cleaner 1n Pasadena: Test on Walnut St., and California St. {2) • 3 in all (For details of above, see Table No.?:/ on pages 148-151) 9.26% 9.60% 4.37% 21.17% l>ISOUSSION OF COSTS Gl{AltT NO. ~ Ana:J,:rsis of D~}·:t:e~~oe in O~st ~oer ,1000 Squa.r~ Yards Ole&1ed 'Betw·e en "~rt'lago eos:ts." Th$.e it, c~u~-ed by t he neture of be n0·tefl that tilmost all of i'ts eoats a.X"e due to Co-ns1 deri n.g al so ·the vaouu.i-u ale aner • it wi 11 ho:rse-~.raun ba: !itexy i n i;yard.age e·osts .• n MQtor-:o-1~ivtu1 ~;i1:1shEtr.,. )t,~t.er.z o·f Two JI0:rse-D~~,?g?1 ! l;.~th ~;rs,, ~v:Jd. Vao u.um Cl0•a:.:ner All eosts o:f flnohiY1g streets- f all in three Cos ts tha t a1~~ dn:e ·t;o tho pa.ssa.g• broa.d di""Vie1¢.n a: f 1. of ti.mo and are the1•.e :t ore pl"Op-or .... ti rme.1 to time i> ~ The only- nther (J ,1ats f or the vaeuum ,. in The motor;.. t he mo.s t expensive,. the horse- drawn b attei7 (incJ.usi'\l"e o:f time 1;o n. na. from corral) driven flu.zher by each tirpo i s a lso shtlW!i on the cha:vt~ The sum of r1l l cost a per 1000 .s q. yda •. cleaned sup erv:isi on. t he eontr;~.ot for ·vs.ou.u.m elee.ning. which is bnsea. 2.- upon ya:rda ge. o'f Costs which i1re due to t he ext6J. t ot' area e ltHned ( ~1:1.ttsr s weep iltg and Q11 l vo rt c.rlt9a:n i ng ) ~ valllf) cleaner tn•e c ertain "ttme eos:taf' due to neoessar.v rolati.Vt!i Th-a cost of wa,tex- used. the z. CJ,..art .No .. Z sb.owa the eaoh o:f:' these coertri ·for t he metor -d.riven f lusher , tmd motor-dr5. VE!'l the ba·ttery of horse-draw:n f1l).Shers , va.cnur.n cl anner . t he ciorn.e s next. t: he hors~-drawn battery tttSing all its Cons id cu•ing :!:i rat only flusher and the battery of horse-d.ra1m flushaTs, time on the :route comes third. and l ast m d least the it will be noted t hat the motor~dri~en flu sher with ex:pensi ve :ls the vacuum cleaner. value i s moro expensive both in 11 ti ma cost s 11 and i.n " water coats,." and has equal TABLg NO" 3 posts Segregated Aooordlpg to Governing Factor Total Yardage '.i:otal water Oosis per 1000 sq.yds. Oosts 1')0r 1000 uq .. yd.B. Total All Costs por 1000 sq.yds. 8, 15/ . 'J . 27¢ 1.59¢ 13.71¢ Battery of' Two Horso-clra.wn Flushars (rnolusiva Of Til.-ite to and from Corral) 10.641 'o,Z'/¢ l .. 59¢ 15.20¢ ,One i.iotor---driven Flushe:.i.· 15.19¢ .."',. ;;,'>'/¢.. 1.98¢ 20.44¢ Total Time Cost per 1000 eq.yds. :Battery of ~o Hors&-drawn E'lushers ( Jil'lrolusive of Ti Y!!e to and from Corral ) 'Vaouwn Cleaner 0 (For details of above, see pages 124-133) CF.ART NO. 4 Analysis of Differences i n ~ Costs Between Moto:t-D.d ven and Horse-Dr~.wn Flushers In analyzing the elements of total cost of flushing. it was found that of the three costs .. time costs, water costs, and yardage coats - the time aost was by far the most important. Therefore, it was desirable to f'u.rther analyze time costs to ascertain just where ooaurred the dif:feronoe in cost between the horse-drawn battery a.n.d the motor-driven flusher. The i'iri;it ste:p was to compare for the horse-drawn 'battery and the motor-driven flusher tho actual nu.'llber of seoonds spent by ea.oh in the detail operations. Cha.rt lfo. 4 shows the resul t of this step. .For the purpose o:f the aha.rt t h e time of the horse-drawn flusher :for each operation was ta.ken as 100% and the time of the motor-driven flusher for the same operation was expressed in terms of that per cent. This chart does not give absolute values of the time. but simply relative values. The ohart shows that five operations performed by ea.oh type of vehicle are performed in less time by the horse•drawn battery than by the motor-driven flusher. These operations are: Moving to the hydrant Neaassa.ry time spent e.t hydrant before water begins to :flow into the tank J40ving away from the hydrant to the point where :flushing begins Actual flushing Time spent in minor repairs · There were two divisions of time which were identical in value for the two types of vehicle; that is, necessary time at the hytlrant after the water oeased :flowing into the tank, and unavoidable delays on the route. In six elements of work the motor-driven flusher spent less time than the horse-drawn batt_e ry. These items 'are: :l'urning for the purpose of loading Wai ting at the hydrant for another vehicle to get out of the way Time durinB the flow of water into the tank Turning :for the J)Urpose of f'luehing "Charging" time , and Traveling time; that is. time to and from corral 'l1U'ee of these items - waiting at hydrant, aharging time, and traveling time - a.re necessarily zero for tho motor-driven flusher. That leaves three operations - turning f or the PU11)0se of loading, time during the flow of water into the tank, and turning for the y!llrpose of flushing - which were performed by both the motor-driven flusher a.nd the battery of horse-drawn flushers and \'7:hich showed the motor-driven flusher to consume less time in each. The deoreased time of the motor-driven flusher in turning was due solely to the faot that the motor-driven flushers very seldom make a turn of 180 degrees because of the excessive time necessary to make suoh a turn. Their method is to move backwards rather than make .a. turn either t:or purposes of loading or for purposes of flushing. rarnn backing, the motor-flushers move very slowly. As compared to the horse-drawn battery, this is not a saving in time, which is shmitn clearly by this ohart in the greatly inoraa sed time of the motor-driven fluahers compared to the horse-dra.wn battarJ in the nmoving:" time. ~"his leaves one operation - time during the flow of water into the tank - performed by both types of vehicle and showing an advantage for the motor•d.riven f lusher in time oonsu:aed. A later analysis o:f ooets of these individual times (see <mart No. 5) shO\vs that t h e ~ to the oity during the time of water flow into the tank is greater for the motor-driven flusher than f or the horse-drawn battery. The increased cost of motor-driven flusher per unit of time more than offsets the saving in time which it affects. SU!~narized, the motor-driven £lusher S})ent less time than the horse-drawn battery in six operations. the ss.me time in two operations, and CTOre time in five o:perations. :l.'he net result over all wus that the motor-dd ven. flusher spent :more time per 1000 square yards flushed t han did the battery of horse-dra.vm flushers. The various time elements rodu.oed to terms of cost to the oity aro compared in Chart No. 5~ 'PI:,1t~ ANALYSIS Pore en t r;.•~ of Total Time 3attery of Two Horse-dra-"1n Flush~ One _;~XC 1-~:R i ve Inclusive :..totoro f ti me -to o:f' time d.l·i ven f rom corral and Goinrf to HY;d.~ : Turning 100° At JI~rrlJ:'a.:.11. t S : Jefora inflow After inflow Du.ring inflow ~ Exclusive of time Inclusive Of time One .Jotordriven f lusher to 3: f:;;.•om Corral ~qa) to ;;.:., -from corral (seconds) ~f!COnds) 1. 9;-:: o.z;; 5 5 1 "'i ur:.~r'! , , Dr-,-11 cJ. •• . 9 f5 9 18 3 0 19 24 21 21 6a 47 1 26 ,..,.,, g -r7 i~" b~ )'., l • /0 ,.J 1.i 2 c/ 0 O/: s.~; 7.4% s.ai } a..:>,:; .... . a.z:;:;.. r,11 9 6 /..' 2809% Qoini?. from Hidr~te: '.'\a•r1ing 180° ?11.1she1$ .Battcr;1 of Two !Torso-drawn Plush~ 31; 2 .. JJ.oving 1;·a1 ting to :.·-.: from corral Second~r 1000 Yards Flushec!.._ 1 71& 9% 19 21 63 24 5?:) 1 •) 7< 9-•· 10 5 10 ~ ,I, • 1 I., ,.... 2.ze;1o 4.6% 3.9f; o.4~i (f' 9.8!, Flushing 33.9% 29.~fa L1Ae4% 75 75 119 0hurging 2~3% o.o;; 6 6 0 Repai ring 2.6% ,,,,, 0 • 3 ;i, 0.4% z."1! l 1 9 Traffi o delays o.'f% o.s% e;:? 0 • G/ -..i 2 2 Other delays Traveling on route Traveling to and 0.1:~~ al. o.lp 0 0 o.5% Oo0% A..c:i . O. - /.J "' 0 0.0;{ 1 1 0 o.O'~ 14.4% O•(r;:i 0 37 0 • 0'r; 100. ofo 100.076 220 257 268 Going to Hydrants a.1% 7ol% 17 17 19 At Hydrants Going from Hyccrants 4 "? .. O?-: ; I ,{ €l o 8' / 0 6.6% 40.,17[ 34-.4% 103 103 92 15 15 27 Flushing To and from Corral '7. 9';,1 ..!3 ..,. F ~iOving from corral Total 1 00 - , 4 -· ?I) r,r. v• l) 5 <) _?um,r,ari 0£ ai;i.™ 0tl:or Ti.ma o.. o~; 6• z r!! ,~ . o , ·"'.' D •v i ·J -o ,.,, ,. .1. •14/0 29.Zf, 14.4f. 44 • 4j01:l ,., o. 0;G 75 75 119 0 37 0 ., "' 9 c.f 3.9% 10 10 11 .. • e Table No. 4 (!i'o r basic figu:t•es on the above table, see Tables }Jos. 16~ 25~ a..'ld 26, :pages 136, 146 and 147. For method, see page 17:4 } CHART NO. 6 Analysis o! Difference in Time Ooets Between Motor-Driven · and Horse-Drawn Fl.ushers (aontlnued) Chart No. 4 showed the motor-driven flusher compared. with the horee•drawn battery in regard to the relative tim~ consumed in the various operations neoessary to flushing. Chart 110. 5 here d1soussed compares the two types of vehicles in regard to actual cost ot the time used in various operations. The ohart ehowe that the elements Of operation during which the motor- driven flusher is more expensive tha.n is the battery of horse-drawn flushers are eight in number, as follows: ' Moving to the hydrant Necessary tipe at hydrant before water begins to flow Time at hydrant during the water tlow Neoess&.17 time at hydrant after water ceases to flow Time moving from the hydrant to point of flushing Time during fluahing Repairing time Time ot delays In six of the operations the time Of the motor-t:ru.Ok coats the city less than does the time of the horse-drawn battery in the same operation,, ♦ ~ese time divisions are: Turning :for the purpo.se ot loading Waiting at the hydrant for another vahiole to get out of tl1e wey Tu.rn1Hg for the purpoao of flushing "Oharging" time -Tre:t>eling time on the 1~oute Tim&· s-peht 1n going to a~d !:-om corral It will be noted that three of these divisions, namely • waiting at the hydrant for another vehicle to get out of the w~. ,.oharging' time, and tima to and from corral .. are necessarily zero for the motor•driven flusher; also that all the tlmoa mentioned in whloh the motor-.driven flusher 1s operated at lees cost than 1s the battery of horse-drawn :t'luahers, a.re small items when compared to the total ooat. The net efteot of all time elements is to make the time of tho motor-ch-1ven flueher mu.oh more expensive per 1000 square yards cleaned than the tlme of the battery of horse-drawn flushers. Thia is because (l) o:t· the compa.re.t1ve hi~ cost of the motor-driven flusher per unit of time: (2) in many operations the motor-driven flusher oonoumes more time: and (3) because (with one exoeption)'the operations in which the motor-driven flusher snves time are of comparatively lit.tle importance. .ANALYSIS OF THE COST OF TIM!.i! DETAILS Time Coat per 1000 Sq.Yds. Flushed Batter;;: of 2 l\O.;r:se-drawn Flushars Operation Exclusive of t1me to ruid from o.or :ra l Inclusive of time to and from corral One Mot or... dr1 ven :Flusher Going to ltyclra.nt : TU.ming 180° .201¢ .201¢ Moving waiting .362¢ .362¢ .056¢ 1.020¢ .121¢ .121¢ .000¢ .764¢ l.360¢ .After inflow .. 764¢ .845¢ .845¢ During inflow 2. 530'.,i 2.530¢ 1.190¢ 2.670</, .2011 .402¢ .201¢ .402¢ .056¢ 1.475¢ 1-'lushing Charging 3.019¢ 5.019¢ 6.740¢ .245¢ .246¢ Repairing .040¢ .040¢ .000¢ .510¢ Traf'fio Delays .080¢ .113¢ Other Delays .000¢ Traveling on Route Traveling to and :from oorral .040<J .080¢ .000,1, .040¢ .000¢ 1.490¢ .000¢ 8.85¢ 10.34¢ 15.19¢ At Hydrant: Before inflow Going fronl Hydrant: Turning 1eoo Moving Total Time costs .000/ .OOOi ,.,~~-- -- SUrmna.rz of .A.bov.e Going to Hydrant .604¢ .684¢ 1.076¢ At Hydrant 3.139¢ 3.139¢ 5.220¢ Going from Hydrant .603¢ .603¢ Flushing 3.019¢ 3.019¢ l.53l1i 6.740¢ To and from Oorral .000¢ .406¢ l.490~t Other Time .405¢ .000¢ .623¢ Table No .. 5 (Above fig11res are based on Table No. 4• page 55• and 11 time oost" given in Table No. 3 9 page 52.) CHART No. 6 Relative l!!ru?rtanee of Cost Deta.11'1! §,egregp.t.ed Aooord!ns to Elements of work In condder1ng- the various elements of work which are inoidental to :flushing, it is interesting to know which elements are the most costly. Chart No. 6 shows the oost of these various elements drawn to the same scale and placed in their order o:f 1mportanoa for the purpose of comparison. For the motor-driven flusher the "time spent in flushing' is by fer the most important cost. having a: value of twice the value· of the next highest cost. Next in importance comes oulvert and gutter olee.ning, then the tillle during tho flow of water into the tsnk, the time spent at the hydrant other than during water :flow, the time spent goix1g to and fl"om tho hydrant• the cost o:t· the water, the delSNB for repairs, tra.f'fic delays, and th~ ·,1~e spent in turning 180 degrees, 1n the order na.,ned. For the horsa-dra.wa. battery the cost o:C culvert and gtttter olean.ing oomes first• then th'e time spent in flushing. time spent at the hydrant during the flow of ;vater into tha tank, the time spent u.t the hydrant other than during water inflow, the oost o~ the water. the time $pent in eaoh of the tollowi-ng operationa. in the order named - going to and fror.t the corral, going to und from the hydrant, turning 180 degrees, 0 charging," waiting at the hydrant for the other team to get out of the way, traffic delays, running on the route. COST OF VAlUOUS :CE'.:'AILS UlCIDENT.AL 'i"O :!:'LUSlUilG (Listed in the Order of Their Importance} One I:.Iotor-drtven ii'luohcr Cost per 1000 Item sq.yds. flushed Hme Spent in Flushing Oulvert and Gutter Olean!~ 6.740¢ Time at Hydrants During Water Flow Into Tank 2.670¢ Time at riydrn.nte Before and .After Water Inflow 2.500¢ Time Going To and From Hydrants 2.495¢ Water Costs 1.980¢ Tirne Spent in Re1,airing .510¢ Time Spent in Traffio Delays .113¢ Time .Spent ___...... . ... .112¢ 3.21or£ ________________________________________ in Tul·n1ng 1800 Total 20.44{)1'fi Battery of T#o Horae~drawn Fluehers --------------------------------~--------Item Oost :per 1000 sq.yds. flushed -----------w---------•----------------•----z.270¢ Culvert and Gutter Cleaning Time Spent in Flushing 3.019:i 2.530¢ Time at Hydrants Durin3 Water Flow into Tank Time at Hydrants Before and After Water Inflow Water Costs Time Going To and From Coi•1•al T~o Moving To and From Hydrants Time Turning 1800 lo59O;! 1.490¢ T1me Ch~rging .Air Chamber .245¢ Time Wai ting for Other Flusher Time of Traffic Delays Tin1e Traveline; on Route .121¢ l.609¢ .804¢ .402¢: .oaot040 ¢ -------------------------------• -----------1 Total (lnc1,;2aive of "To and F1•om Cor:ra.1' ) 16.20¢ • Total (Inolueive o:f " ti II If Table r?o._ G {.Above !igu.res based on Tables Nos. 3 and 5. pa.gee 52 mid 58 .. ) .13.71~~ Obart No. 'l RELATIVE · IMPOR'J!ANCE OF OOS! ELE-.m (Segregated According to Objeote of Expenditure) Chart No. 7 gtvu the re.l ative J.mporte.noe of the ve.r10'QS ways in whio~ money 1n 8l)ent 1n .oo~e~tlon with fluhing. It ehO\fS that costs for direct labor are by tar the moat lm,portent for each type ot :flushing. nautter and ctt.lTert "leaning" ancl "water oostsr• eome second and tb1ra• l!espeoti vely • but N"e very much less than the direct labor oosta. of still less importance. The remaining 1teme are fable no. 7 Segregated Aooording to Objeota Qf Ex:Penditure , ~otor-drtven Flysher Cof;lt per 1000 . ag.yds.Q.ushed 15.69¢ Cleaning Gutters lad Culv8rts z.21¢ Water Oosts 1.98¢ Foreman .90¢ Administrs.tion .68¢ Workmen' s Compensation !nsu:ranoe . 02<i Total • • • • 20.4.4¢ Rent of Mot or aa.ttery Qf ~,o Hors~(boawn Flusher~ Inclu..etve ·o:f time to and :from OOXTal • Cost pei- lOOO sq.yds, flushed Drivers and Teams Gutter and Culvert Olaaning Water Costs Equipment Ohargea Adrniilis t ration 8,91¢ 3.27¢ 1.59¢ .62¢ .39¢ i·o:remen 11331ft Workmen 'a Compensation Insuranee ,.09¢ Total• •• • Battery o-f !.l\vQ Hors&!odrawn Fl.ushers Exllustie pf time to and from 001~1."al Oo~t p8r lOOO sq.yda. !lp,shad D:r-ivel"s and Teams Cleaning Gutters and Oulvert, 7.63¢ z.211, \ Watev (Joa ts. 15.20¢ 1.59¢ Equipment Ohargea .53t.J A:d.'Tlinistration Wo-rkmen • e Oompe11 a~t ion lnam-$.:r.1:0-a .m~1 .28¢ .08¢ Total 13.11¢ Foremen COST TABI.i~S li'ollowing a.re some tables giving deta ile d cost~ f or oaoh tYJ>O of f'lusllcl· for each rout e tested and f or the total of all routes t e nted ; a lso a table showing detailed cost to the oity of "vaou.um11 cleaning. SU'..!:lAliY OF . COSTS Coat per 1000 sgu~e ;yards Fluah8£. 1Jot or-drive11 Flu.sher Route Route All lI Route 111 Houte l IV Ro ~ 18.30¢ Z0.40¢ 19.70¢ 18.60¢ 20 .. 44¢ 12.10¢ 14.20¢ 15c:i20$'- 13.72¢ l i5.71¢ 14.18¢ 15.40,6 ·r ·., l .:>~·-wD:,- 15.U.5<,i 15 .20¢ l>a:tt ,:,,:ry Of" ~ ;m Eors n-d.1-a.vm Flushers ( eliminating cost of time to a r..d from Corral} Battery of T ,10 Horse-d:r'awn J?lushe:rs (including cost Of t ime to a.rid fr om Corral) ;;stimated cost to t he city of vaou.um olea.ning : 11.65¢ rar 1000 sq. yds. clonned.. ( Table 8 is a sw11;1w.ry of Ta bles 9 ~ 10, 11 and. 1.2 i mn ed.ie.t ely fo1lowt ns } 'l'A.!31S NO • 2 post o±' Wc;gQn Flu.shin£ During Tes~ Per idp. (.cl:z:clusive of '.i:r o.veling Time to and from Corral) Route I Tea.ms (@ $10.00 per a hrs.) • • • • • Foreman (r.G $ .37 :per 8 hrs.) • • • • • tte.150 .300 Maintenance of Equipment( ~ t .36 per 8 hrs}.293 Depr eciation of Interest (t~ ~.34 par 8 hrs} .275 W ater (G $ .0421 per 1000 gals. J • • • • 1.610 Worlanen•s Compensation Insurance(l.857~6 ) Ac1n:i uistration (4%} • • • • • • • • • • .086 .417 II H I ~6.630 .244 .238 .225 $9.370 .346 l.362 .070 .341 .zza .318 2.oaa .098 .490 IV t otal $9.180 .340 .331 .312 ;{,!33.330 1.620 1.230 1.200 1.130 6.670 .096 .462 l;o7l0 .350 Ou1vert and Catch Basin Cleaning 5.410 1.355 (~ $.0124 per 1000 sq.yds.) Sweeping of Gutter Deposits {~ $.0203 per 1000 sq.yds.) 1.562 2.560 l.690 20220 2.390 Total Cost :J,;15.253 ®11.023 t l6.623 $16.191 12~10¢ 14 .20¢ Cost pel" 1000 sq .yds,, :t'hir;had fMethod· of calculating above table given on pages 124•127) ',......... ·\·, ~ -~ ' 8.860 $59.89 13.71¢ ~ABLE NO . 10 Oost of i,w,,:on Flushing l)u.rtw; Test I 1eri~d {].U~J:..v~~..Q.:f Tl·B.V'!~.Jpg limn to &1cl f'rOE!.._.QID:,ral) ........ .u [Teams (_, ;\Go.oo 1)er s hrs.) • • • • • . . Foreman h- ~:• .}S'l :i::er O hrs.) . . . . . . . . ,11a.1nte:r.ance of fi.'.!llipment {i:J ~.36 per 8 hrs.) :J )epreciat! on & Int~rest (1; !~\.34 per 8 hrs.) ;Water (G :j:.042.l :per 1000 ~nls .) • • • • • • \i:10.400 .386 .375 .354 1.610 ·-- I T ,· $7.510 ~l0.360 .278 .210 .254 1.352 .384 .:w:3 IV Total $:tt,-630 .392 i~ZS.900 • ",.•!)M 2.oee .109 .. 112 .. 5~2 .. 524 l .. 355 1.460 2.220 5.410 8.860 ~)66.360 15.20¢ rzi,• ,~ .oso Oo:npensation :i.ni,;·ur.a.nce ( 1.857~i ) .109 .zao 1dmin15tra:t io.u {4?i ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • 514, Culvert a.nd C.atch l3asin Gle,-,;.ning 1.0~:;z (.> ~; .0124, per 1000 eq.yds.) ... • l.562 l .. 690 Sweeping :-,f Gu.tto.rs (,~1/ r:~.0203 per 1000 sq.yds. ). ___2.56Q ~iotal Cost ~?17,870 $12.847 *t l?.773 2.390 ,~17.870 15.40¢ 16.25¢ 15 .. l&I, workmen' a Cost p ol".' 1000 sq_.yds. :fluahed • • • • • 14 .. 18¢ 1.440 1.400 1.320 6.670 .302 .3GO 1 .. 020 .410 1.950 ----~----- -------(:-Jethorl of oalculuting a.bovo table giv-en on :pages 124-127) TN3L}:; rro. 11 ~tor {0 $14.71 per 8 hrs.) • • • • • • • • • 1 15.100 1''oreman ((:.: f .96 per 8 hrs.} • • • • • • • • • .907 Water (~:' f'\ ,.O.lJ. 21 per 1.000 gals.) • • • • .. • • 2.230 Workmcn'o Oon:,:peneation l.nsur6.nce (1.857%,) .019 Adminl~-tra·tion (4%) • o • • • • • • • • • .. Culve.r ~ ~11d Uat:fh. °3<-'?;siti Clerillir~r; (,,~_; 1: .0124 per 1000 aq.yds.} •• av,eeping oi Gutter Depor;its { :.... ;· :, .02ot~ :}~X' 1000 ~q .yt.1.no) •• 1 ~ctal . ..732 • • f:12.300 (:14,.250 .~130 .803 2.ooa 1.612 .016 .018 .584 .692 ~56.050 3.660 7.800 .010 2.700 .696 1.467 5.080 ;;.2~0 2!390 $17.051 ?,;21.51)3 ;;::21 . ur/6 8.310 (183.670 18.60s,: 20.44¢ 1.140 • • ~....E.!J3i>..Q - -----.... :1'~23.190 16.30! it l4.400 .,940 1.970 .Ol't U~ethoa of oa.loulating 'l.'able 1lo. 11 given on pages 124-127) Item .c. ost ;per 1000 sq. yds. Cleaned Contraot Price • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10.50¢ Foremen's Wages • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Workmen's Compensation lneu:i.·anue w • • • • ~ <- •• .. .. .69¢ .01¢ Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .45¢ Total . . . • • • Il.65¢ (Detailed oalculations for Table u o. 12 given on pa.gas 128•133) In Table No. 13, following. thz'ee graupi., of oosts Q.l'e oompared group l co11siste of t h ose i t~ lr.9 need by the Boa~d of Pttblto Works 1n i te report cm h,orce"'dl"li.Yn :t'lus:t.:1-ng eosti tn i 'ebru.&17 I> 1916-. ite."aS are "teQms and clrivere/« "foremen." and "depreoiation and 111te:.·ect.,r. These "mntntanancn of equipment." '!hei r roport Aleo 1nclud.o d en !tetn f or "broom znon" whioh 1s not included hei,e because the uae of broom .men i11 conJ1eot:1on wl th flushing has been <11 s oontinuad, Group 2 ~O.iislstn of t n.,:i it 01ns of o o9t W11iol1 th€) J1f fic}1enoy De- partment oona1d.ara a.n applioahls to flushing .. These items are all of those given abO-V$ in 0.rou:p l nius 0water costs/' tion ,insuranoe.-01 11 worlmle11•s 00mp$%18'l.- t*ad.rniniflt:r:!:r tion.t:t e-nd t 1tat p&.rt of. "rJttlv~rt clean• ing0 and t'gutter sweeping" which 1& eauaed by flushing. Groti.p ;3, con tc:istc of t.h o~e item£\ wh ich. t>11('lUld be considered in oo.mpa.:. ing the ~oat of f'luoh iI!{; t o nn;, bid f or mae:hine oleen1ng basod on a. prioe par 1000 square yards t3lca.ued.. T.heae l tams are the sa."II& as thoee in Group 2 exoent euperviaion and adr!d.n1stration, Which items would also aJ1ply to ~ 1.:L."10 ¢lea:.i. ittg- l:nl t wryJld. 11ot bo 1nol'!lded in bids., Table l3 :l33U:&Jt~ .ct1· . 2 aorse-drgn F l H,sb;sn·a !'erf ormano.e During Pert'onmnoe J?e.rfo-rma.noe the P.1:•eaent Teat. o:t One ot Feb.• Including .E)r.o -ludtng Uoto~iven Time to aa ~ given b-y and i):om and :f:rom 1' lueher Du.ring th~ aorrai corral l>rosen~ .T•et B.p.w. Report Cost p er 8""'hr • day o-r 1tetr;s 1:n Group 1 above (Items u.oed by il.P .. w.. ) to 19l6t I • .. • • • • • ;lll.OS (Items .ised by M fioienoy J>ept .. ) • • • ~)15.21 $21.96 Area flu shed per 8•lu-• day ,(sq.yd,$.} 64 ,866 107,450 Cost p~r 8•hl" • day Of it~ms in G~oup 2 abov$ .....,. - - 362.8 362.,8 452.3 Gals. of water per M eq.yde . !lushed, Estimat ing 500 sa;s. per load 518.4 gals. Estimating on the baeia of the present test (gallo•} • •• • • 4,315.5 Oost of Gl·Ou.p l per !,I ·s q . yd.th f l U:3hed • 17.60¢ 9 . 86'$ s.w Cost of Group 2 per 11 ~q~yds ,.:flushed (l'tema used by Eff. Dept.) ... • • 23,44¢ 15.20¢ 1-5.71¢ ( Itmne t\SOd 'by ,B . ;p . W. } • , • o • Cost of Greup 3 per M sq.yd&. flushed (ltertW eomparable to bids !or m.aohi ne ol aani ng } • • • " • • -------·----------------- -* ni.ese coats are ~ide up as f ollows: :2,-!lfMWn :Batten; Teams or };!ot or Maintenance Depreo.is.tion and Interest W ater - at cost of produc. W orkmen•a Oompan~ation !nffi1ranoe Culvert Clea:ning Sweepi ll€5' Gutter Deposit s Motor _____________ Teet i.11olu.d.tre:v, Test ...stari on.,. _,,,..Route Teet-start on Route,, 15.42¢ e.91¢ 7 •.6:3it .55¢ .52¢ . 32¢ .30i .27¢ .26¢ 2. 181- 1 •.5~¢ l.63¢ --- .16¢ 1.24¢ 2.03;! .09?t 1.24,/ 2.03¢ 14 .. 42¢ .00¢ 1.24¢ 2.03¢ -- l.24¢ 2.03¢ 18.86¢ DE"'.:.AI~ 00' QUANT!TATIVJ'l: _DUST TEST~ In the following Sheets are given th~ details of all dust tests made. _ In 11D onee did the drivers of ~ Of the fli.ttihers 01· of tho vaaaum alar,J1ar kncra that any dust tests wor-e being ma.<le, or that e.n~1' :pa;rtioulsr part of the route was ·be1ngeapecially considered by the obe8l'Yere. DeteileG. :figuros for e.11 of tlle charts gi van in thia $eat ion ORARf . NQ~_JJ Amount ,o f Dust Remc,ved from ?~;ved Streets ( Gutt ers mxc1.uded} ,~----- Chart no. 8 sttmt11s.:rizes the resu.lts of the t ests to det ennine the s:nu,unt of' dut on t h~ surfa ce of the street before and af't:e-r cloe.n-ing. There wer e five separ at e t ests ma.de for dust over areas eler:med by both motor-driven fln.s hers a..11d a b$,ttery- of hor11e-d.rawn nui;hers. !hose are lthown g,:-oupe·d- t ·o gethe:r in ·t;he ohart ru:l de1~ th e lle fldi.ng ~.Motors and Ho'l.~ae-Dr avm ~ver 1 Same Routes-.n ~hree of t hese tests - Western, south ef 3rll,. Hayden st. ,, an d Seventh st ..... show the motor-driven flu sher to l:lave ranoved a sma;tler perc.ent age o·f. cb:mt ·than the batte27 of horse-drawn fluahere removed. The t wo re- mai n i llg terrts on oppos;i'te si<l e s of dontra.1 Ave. gave results whieh showe4 on one side t.i g;re:e,ter ·a1rmu.nt of dust on tha area after horse .... arawn flushing tlw.n before fl:usl1ing; ancl .on the other s:lde ~ gro.ate•r amou.,:r.r!i o:e dust 011 the area, after m.otor-drt v,en flushin g than be:E'ore flushing .. Thes e results are apparent-l y unrea sonable., but not neoe ssa.:ril7 so. Ce nt ral Ave. is ver; heav- lly 1.n:av~lod in the earl y llliUming houre by horse-drawn vahi<tles.. It is quite possible t hat duut and di rt on t h e 11;h ee 1s of these vehio J.~0 may li.ave heen loos,irned. b~ ·the st 111 wet pavement. t he ~;pparent l y muddy traok of any vehicle pass ing over a :f.reshly.... flu.s hed nsph.8,lt pa,"1em<:mt i~ wcall ltnow.n. Another poseibilitywhioh ·v; ould. be e·v:tdenoe.d i n the s ame mmrner i s that dirt ground. i :n t o t he :pa:ve ment by trat·fi o du.ring the week mH,y ha ve b oe n 1ooaoned,, but not; r emoved. by the :flus hi ng., anll then furt her loosened by trn f f lo a.f't 0r n11s hing" In any c as e. t h e test proves that th e :pav emro t was not :free of d:aat i.lllJ1l'ed:tate1y 6 :fte:r :l:luoo i.n g. .........- -- - ·- · -•--•-~. --- · - - ~ - - . . . I n t he f i nal co .n ni a.eration o:!? the tests those wh i eh s howel1 mo1~e d:na:t {)n the n.rea ~.:ft er flushing t.Jmn bef or e 1•.:r-T:n~e neglected ., Si nee such tests oc-. etu-recl f or both t ypes of f'lualt.tn.g~ no 1njust1ee Wf.J.S d one by- neg1e<:tti:r.ig t h am. On Jfigu.e:..•os, St., on Sunset lllvd ." .:.tnd on West- near 4th, <lust tests v.-era ma,l e bef'ore nnd a:E't i'}r f l u shin g ·oy mot .o r-d?S.v0 n :ll ltsha·r.,. T'he results of t hese are grouped. i n the ohart under the title <>£ n1iiot ors. n In ge ne:ra.l ,. they chack the results ob-t aino-ii elsewhor i ,:i for t he mo·tor-drtven flusher. !fotet he c l &se agreement b etween t he t -r: o tests on Western r..a\ Avenue. .... 81"'11 A -rtt,h On 23rd St. the same 8.rea was tested t .w ice for t h e r esult s of hor se... d:rs.wn flushing. Zhe first time t he se oti on was f lu.shed in the u sual way; that is, t wo wr;.gon s wer'9 used ~u:'i d t he ar"ti of the street was fl ush ed by f irs t one Wtl$Cl'l tmd t he·n t he other.. In other Wi)Tds. we.ta r fr om t he fJ.u.shors flowed over the ar e-A, t 1-: :lo e .. In the aeoond test t he area was covered on<:e only by on e wagon .. . O:ne eHie of tho street was f l,t i:J ied with thr:: no zzle in the umml pes ttion. the a:t er bei ng d.ie·e hri r ged u.ndi:1r pr es ~ure. The other side of t ho a t re et WF,t.S f'.l.U8hed. w i t1'1 the nozzle turned up so, t hat t he street 'reeei ved not a "cutting" s v:nth of wat er·, but only a h&avy nwe.shing'' awn th. fhe rem1lts of · t he teat ar " shown i n t ho oha1·t und.o:r the title " Eor ne~-Drawn.JY It is 1nt e·r-est5.ng to ml'te that almost ae rtntoh du.st was r~oved by t .he singls wa.gon o~s was rs:nove d. by the battery o f 1avo wa-.gona eovering the area t --: : i c e in the lrntw.l way. It is 1•1e~.l to note here. howeve r, t hnt 23rd st. at the point selected for the t e st :1 ~1 a n a rrow street (36 feet from cu.r b to curb) and that the fUJJ>halt is very .s mooth. Th:ree tetrt:s were mude for dust 0-n th& stre~rta o.f Pssfl.dena before ~nu. aft.e r vaouum cleaning.. The fi .r st o:f these wt\S qn Walnut st .• which has a smooth., rather soi?t oil.e<l sur:faoe. Tlw ,{ .rther two we:re m.aa..e 0n •opp~~i te . sides of CS:lif' or-.nia St ,. • which is pa-v:EJd "filth as:ph~l t s;nil is in fair oond:i tlen.~ !he rt!fsults or the 'test $re g:rou:pe-d i n the oha~ under the he~d.1~g "Vacuum Cleaner. 1t • • :.a~e-au.se the vacuum cleaner travels veey smooth. 2he results of the test. ahown i:n clos,9. to ·fib.~ ·cn1rb and is designe•l to elaim. gntte~s as well as atroet surf:::;.i,es,, two tests ;;,tor e macle l>f. gutter clean ing. ThEtse tests: v1ere made on P.aymond Ave,.. at a poirr:u whore the gu.t1;,-e:rs were made of cement and were very thr~ eha.:et 1u1-d~r -t he hendin.g of nGrrliters Only. it ·shGw t ,hat from SY% to 66% of tha dust in tho gut·ter was romove-d,., the se :rtesul-t:s. o·f oours.e~ are n~t to be oo.rmidored. as invariable. sinoe a gr~at do.1;),1 depe·n ds upon thtt dist .r ibutio·n of the du st in. the gutter. If nltt6h of the dust lies ~rery iJlo,s e to the curb where the suction he ad of th~ aleanex- does -i1ot have full offe ot. the JiP.!'tHtnts.ge of oleto.m i ng will be lower thnn if ·the <lust ia &venl_y distributed .over the gutter ♦. In t hese gut ter tests a large pe rc entage of the dust app eared to be ver y close to the curb. l'\! 1"" Table ~o. 14 (Basis of Chart Ho. 8} SUl:foifARY OF QUANTITATIVE RESULTS OF DUST PF.S.N 3 1' lusher.,e %(by wt. } ot· Dast Remaining on .lu·ea after Flushiu;~ Street ( exclusive of gutters) Bat tery of Two .One J.:iotor-driven .Flushe;.• .norBe-drawn Flusher& ·------------- -·- --------(No test made) 23rd Street Western Ave., near 3rd (west side) Western Ave. • near 3rd (east side) 57.0% (total of both sides} Western Ave. 26.4% (Test unaatisfaotocy) Central Ave. (west side) Central Ave. ( E>.aat side) ( 11est unsa.t 1s :fN.ot ory ) (north side) .li:ast lat St. 55.2% {Tast unsatiefaotory) East 1st St. ( south side) (No test made) n fl ti " Hayden Street 86.07i 61.5% 7th Street 58.31& 49.2% Figueroa 83 . 4;½ Sunset 87.7':6 (No teat made) II . ' 62.9% Western (near 4th) 11 II H II " " - -- ·- --·- -Vaouum Cleaner ( in l'a.sadena} %( by wt.) of l:u.st R.eu.1aining Street after Vacuum Cleaning (l lasadena.) Walnut (exclusive of gutters) South side of California (exclusive of gu:bters) II II Uorth Bide l1 West side of Raymond (&>Utters only} East aide n " ti It II 4a.2J~ .t1.'1' _..,. 1tJJ I' •~11 ~;,? 1,·? r.• '-:;.J:; {For details of above f i gures, eee Table No. 27, pages 148~161} ORlJ.?~ NO. 9 Percenta~e, Rff>m,ein.ing 4.:f'~er Olev.~in~ crentag~ of total dust removed in ea.oh :ea.se,,. Dust PEt~Sir.tg the 200-M~sh Sereea.. Beef:\use it is g~H:t&rally oona1tit0red that, it is 'In ranovi:ng VtJry f ine dus't, the l:wrse• whioh tlushe-r... However,. the small number of tests The v aeuum cle-aner se:eme·d to ra.llk be- drawn :flusher wa.s snperto,r t o- the motor-driven obj'E rtetionable. ie ·t;he very fine dust it beoa.use ft is driven ir1to the ai :t 'by tra ffic and supposedly oentain-s more or loss bacteria'. this tween the t'WI) -« o.:f was i mportant to learn just how for vaeuum cleaning. B,nd the f$:et of their bei!€ much tins dust wa:s ~emovei by eaoh type of c·lea.ner. ma.de outside of t .o s Angeles. should be remembered., ,_ • flushing, -· than before• whiol1 more d.ust wr,u i found on the pavement should be neglected.• a s these a.re th.e tests after in sults on ErJ.st First street and on Central avenue, flush0r, and fo:r the rnotor-driven nu.sher the re-- east sio.e of Ce:ntral a.voo.ue fo r the horse-drawn ' In oGnstdering this ,chart. tl1e resu.lts en the A study- was made of the total weight of clust The re- The · results 0£ this passi11,g a 200-mesh screen on the pavement be- fore ·a nd a,fter o leaning. s·t u.dy are summarized in Cha.rt Ifo .. 9. The cha.rt shows t hat b7 sults f'or es.eh type of cleaner studied are grouped together. ef the ?he percents.2ie of :fine dust none of the oloaning method$ was all fino, dust removed. :remvetl wa.s a.pproXimate ly the ·s ame as the per... ··"-. ~ !!1 Dust .Pase1ng !he 200-meeh Soreen Pereent!ID? Remain~ .a ft.er Cleaning Location of Test Area %by wt. Of Dwlt paoe1ng #200 Soroen remaining after oleantng Vehicle 3a:t; t ei-il~ of 2 H.orae-dl."awn Flushe.rs 23rd st. :w .,oo; II It " ft ft 32.0% fl 11 ff u 11 36.0fo 23rd 13t. one Horse-drawn Flusher 48.~ ~den st. Ba.ttery O:f 2 Ho.>.--ee-u.re.wa Fluahera 54.2% Seventh st. " 11 Jt fl " 67.,8% Centr2.l .Av-e. {w.s.} " ft " n fl 68-.0% (E.s.~) II * " " --------·------------·------...-------· . _____ __ 46.3% r. " t, u ti u 122,.011_ _(:. n n If One Mo'bor..-driven 111-ueher Seventh St. 69-.0';i " ft , " " tf fl 8(>.0-% Figu.eroa St • n ft n tt a2.()% Central Ave. (E.s.) tt ff tt 85.0'p Western Ave .. (near 3rd) tf " ,.• D ft 85.0'% East l$t st . (s.s.} tf H !l !t $7~ 5% • Sunset .Blvd. Jt tl " It lll.Ofl • Cantnl l,ve. (W.s.) H n ti ft 123.0% * East l$t st. (N.S.) tt " ti ft 33S•OJ6 * Western Ave. {near 4th) If Hayden , 'lO•fl/., ----------~ ----------- " " ----..~--------------------------------:.,, .,..,,_ .Avera.go If 1, Vacuum Cleaner Walw.t St . , I'e.S l!t-('l.en9. Ca.lif!)rnia St. (.N .s.) Pasadena " 73.5% ,. " J;.verage 2e •.5f,, tr ..........-:::·===========:::=·-===========:::=:::::;;:::::==::=======::::====:::·::::·::::::::::::== ,'l'able lfOa 15 (Basin Of, Oha1•t Mo. 9} Chart No. 11 Amount of Dust Removed {Gutters Excluded) from the Surfao\) of Western Avenue. S2otions AB. OD, .a:F. qhtirt No. 11 shows the total we1snt of dust on the test section before and after flushing 'by a motor-driven flusher and by a battery of horse-drawn flushers. It also shows the Brune quantities in per cent, considering the dust on the area before fiushing aa 100%. 1'h1s test gave Sood resu.lte, aa all oond.it'iona were normal. The total amount of du.st on the-area before motor-driven flushing was approximate;cy the. sm,ne aa that on the. area. before horse-drawn fluab.ing.• The test 4bowed tlie motor-driven :flusher to have removed appro:dms.tely 43% of th~ dus.-t from the area, and the batteey Di" horse-d.rami flusl1ers to have r~oved approximately 73fl14i Chart No. 12 Mfeot of !''lushing on 'Dust Oompos1 tlon ~e :results Qf aoreaning teats are shown in Chart No .. 12. )~ie dust remaining afte~ motor-driven flushing shows a slightly deoraaeed pereentngo o:f mater1$1 remaining on screens No. 10, No. 20. no. 30, No. 40, and llo. 50• anl a. slightly increased percentage o:t· material remaining on No. 200 and passing !fo. 200. A:fter flushing by hore&-drmm battery• the dust rane.ining con• tained a slightly deoreaeed percentage of material retained on screens No. 10, No. 20, No. 30, and No. 40. It contained a. slightly increased percentage of material retained on No. 80 and No. 200 • . The peroentage of material retained on soreens l?o. 50, No. 100, and passing Mo. 200 was praotioalq the same before and•ai'ter flushing by the battery 01~ horee-drmm f lueh,rs. - Considering the liability Of 1ts being driven into the air by traffic, the d:ust 'was o-r practically the same oompos1ti0l'l before and after flushing by either type of flusher. DUST TmsTff on OJfflRAL AVENUE Qmgt lfo. l:l Affiount o'! Dust Removed ( Qstter&, $Xoluded.J on Oentral Av.erp.,_e EB.et Side of Street, by Motor-Driven Flusher and by .Battocyof Horse-Drawn Flusher§ Ohs.rt no. 14 shows the total weight of dnst on the test ares. before and after fluhtng by a motor-driven flusher and by a horse-drawn • battery. It slao shows the same quantities expressed 1n per aent, 100% being taken a.e the amount of du.st on the area. before :f'lu.shlng. lt will be noted here that the ?DOtor-drlYen flusher removed a very -small peroentage ot the dust on the test area. and that there was more dust on the area after fluahlng by the horse-drawn battecythan before. !ihe result for the horse-drawn :flt1Shing 1s a:pparent~ unreasonable. but is .not neoesaar1ly eo. Oentral Aveme 1& a heavily traveled street and enough dnat may have been 'brougilt onto the seotion by 1;raff1o after the !lusb.Sng to give thia re8Jllt. A great many peel• dler W&g02'8 use Central Avenue very early 1n the morning when the street would be stlll wet. Another posa1bility is that tba water from flushing ee)'Ved to looaen. but not remove, dirt which had been ground into the pavement by traf:fio. After flushing. this dirt may have been :rurther l,ooaened by the early morning traffic. The apparently Hllld~ traok left by a vehicle when traveling over a freshly flushed asphalt surface ie well known. v,ootever the oauee. the test at least shows that flushing does not completely olean the street. In draing con~ oluelone oonaerning the ability of :flushero to renove duet from the surfaoe of the street, thi e test for hor~e-drawn flwihers was negleated. Similar results :for motor :f"lushers were neglected. Qhart Ng. 16 Ef:feot of Flushing on the Oomposition of the Duet !Che results o:f' soreening tosts are shwn in Chart i:ro. 16. After !lushing by a horee...dJ.-awn •bat.t ary" tho dust remaining oon• tained a. slightly higher .percentage of material retain.ad ,on 's creen No. 200 and paeaing No. 200; and a slightly lm11or percentage o:f' material retained on eoreen8 No. 10.- .No .. 20, lio. 30, No. 4-0 •. and No. 50'" .After flushing ·by r.t10toi-driven. flusl1er, the duet showed a slil?Jl~ 1n,,,, crease in percentage by weight reunining on z.io. 40, No. 60, 110. 80, roid llo. 200; and a slightly decreased percentage retained on No. 20 and passing No. 200. Oonsidering the la.ability o:f its being tl;rown into the air lJ¥ • traffic, there was :practically no dii'ferenoe in the oonrposition of the dust on the street before flushing and after flushing by either method. Chart n·o. lfi, Amount Q.f. l~tUl~ Re?D.OYed {G.!!,_tters .Exo~J¼dd) Oentr§l .l~ . :v,~t .West Side of Street Chart }{o. 16 shows the total weight of dt~~t on the test section before and after :flushing by motor-drt9'en i"luaher and bya battery of horee.. drawn ,fiushers. It also shows the smne quantities in par o.e nt, 00::.1s idering t h e du.at on the area be:tore flushing as l ~ . The teat on this 1,eotiott giTes poor reBults for the motor-i-~iven flusher, eh.owing more dust on the area 8.fter flum tng thru,. b&t'orew The remarks oonoerning eim11~r results for horse-drawn flusher& on the east side of' Central Avenue apply here for the motor-<lriTan flusher. (See pa~,t 65} !~ ooneiderine the !notor.-+dl:"1Ven flusher as a dutt remover, this result should be neglected. T"ne result for the horee-drfJJffl tlu$11er on th1& seotion ie oo...,. sid.ered good, beoause du.dug the horse-drnwn test 0011.tUtlont, on this side of the street wsr~ fa.vorabl@ for a good teet. and the renl't was oons1etent with results obtained elsewherth About 4 . Of the dust on the section we.a ,,rannved by horse-drawn ;flushing• Opp.rt lfo. l.7 Oh.a.rt No. 17 gives the results of the screening teete. After horoe,.,drawn flushing. the duet ~bowed n aligbtly lower peroentage retained on all saraena up to and inoluding no. lOO. !'he peroenta.ge retained on Uo. 200 and pasaing llo. 200 waa ali@ltl.1' high• er after flushing than ,before. A,fter motor-dr1Ten flushing, tb.e dttat showed n slightly higher pereen t~""e by we1gllt reta!nad on al 1 screens and a lowe1· pei·eentage peea1ng No. 200. Consider:l.n~, the liability of .$.ta being thrown into tbe air by traxno. the du.at :tema.ining after flushing was praotioally oi" the same oompos:L t1on aa that on the atreet 'be£ ore flushJ,ng. • Obart No. 19 A!Q91.V1t Rf J>llat RFRYM t1'6m test §§9t1ol1. Oh Jlt:t4!!!, Gt£§!;t tr Mgtor .Flusher Md. bi lffl;ttm ot IIorf!~ ll'l;ush9£1. Cha.l•t No. 19 shows total WE114\bt o:f du.et. on teat aru befoi'e flu.ehi~ and after tlWJh11lS; also the same quantities 1n per oent. usbls the dUBt on the area b&fonl :!"lushing ae lOOr!,. ~o Qha.l•t ehlY~ the battery uf horse-drawn flwmere to be a-wreo1eb~ tH~>&"ior in the iQ&tter ot duet removal t o t ho motor-d.riv·e n fluah.w:. !ha condittous on ffqd.en Street were e~oelld tor a o~at11'e test. 1'be total amount of dut on the area before flushing waa &P.'l)r.,. ima.~elJ the &atH for t1ie 1110t01•-drl'Yen and h o r s ~ tl ueh.ora. _1'lle • Ghart show,. that the horse-~ battU'Y' rao•ett a-~proximately 48% of -the dust and tli.at tl1e :notor-drl't'c flu8'.her removed. approxinat.i.¥ l~J Of ~e duat. • Chart 110. 20 gives th~ resul te of ao~et.mil)€ test•• After f ltuilitng bf i r. b~ttery 01· horse--draw.n t lushor&, t he duet re~ eiaining oontained a slightly deoreased peree11tage of m.~t e~iaJ. retained or.1 sc1·eane N::>. 10, Mo. 20, :r.o. 30 ,,, No. 40 . and ?Io. oo. Ther~ was a slightly- 1n<.,re~ed peroentase of mate1•1a1 rata1neo. on &Hlraens No. ao, rio. ':LOG. !!'<>. 200+ and, pasuing i o. 200. After n,oto~iven t.tu.a hb~,; th& duet rmf>.intng on the al"• eb,owed a very slight c.oo.r1Mse i.n the per.oexitage o.f -.terial rete.ined on screens No. 20, No. 30. No. 40, : and : . passing > .:~ No. 200. !£'here wa• a veey alight increase 1n the pmen~ o-.t m.teriel retained. on .ecN&n$ No. 80, No. 100, and No. 200. The :perc,entage Of ma.te;d.~l rota.U1ed on No. 10 and ?lo. 60 was the same befot'& and after motor""'1?'iven flushing. Considering the l1abilit:;- of lts being driven into the· a.tr l,7 tratnc. the auot on the st,reet wae ot practioallJ the~ oompo&-itioai be.tore and ai'ter fluahi~ by 01 ther typo o:r fltwlua·• 211~! Ng ♦. ..2.2 ~ t . .,a.t, lmA,t Roo.lQYm\ f!;?J! .Te.e t. Arga_,?._n SeTtm* Sti'$.Gt by ;19tor-J2:r\I!! ll.U8li3r an~ Battm of .!jo:r•a:Prawn. Flushpr,a, 01:w.rt No.. :Ct ~()Via th~ to•t al weigbt 01· the dust on thi3 tdt "ea before tluah~ and. after :flu.sh,tng by aaoh t ype 0£ t'lushor; al.$0 the same qw.mti ties in pe1• oent, usine; the WGight or tile dtWit on the teat area before tlJaahing ffll l()()l)J. ll!he totial weidt of ·&1.sl on the ket area l>afon ~ wae ap:pronmatel.1 tho &l:Ulm tor Ge.oh t ~ of f'J,USher, The horne...d.rawn bnttary rent>vod. a~oll:im&te~ 5lfo Of th-o duet; tho motor-dr1Ym flusher renaved a.p;pr11xtmntelJ t27; of 1t:t~ mat. lt te. itttereattne to note .here that the t9st area wn• flushed. •°b1 horse..aravm tlusnera bad Deen .fluellect one week bofo:re, but when flumed bf moto~dri\'en fluehars it had not been flushed tor two wem be.fore. In spite of' tbie 41.f ference in cltttLnblg b.iterYal, the street sh.QWed le41s dlult after the long 1ntennl than after the sho:rt. J?W!t Oogmosltian ,:§efor,e. ,Md After Flushing Chart. No. 23 ahowe the results of screening t$St$• .Ut·e r flushing by a ba,tte:r·y of' horsa-d:i:·~n tlw,hsrs. the d::.wt romaining sr1crwed a sl1shtl¥ deoreas(td perc$0tt.;ge of :ma:ter1al retainttd on a(;.:raene no. 10. No. 20. No. ~o. 40,.. and lfo. ®• There W&ij a all.g)).t 1n¢reaae in t.hs peroet:1:t~'9 oi' material ret~1ued on ;No. 200 an4 pa.suing lh>• 200. ~ha peree-nta:ge o.i" t.riatori.e..l retained on. No. 00 o.nd No. lOO.was the e&me before and after flu~b.ing. zo. Atter .tQOtor-driven flUS-hing, tho ch.ie.t ~aa1n1ng oon·t ained a &l1gh~l1 dec.re&eed pel'centa.ge:; of mate!"1e.l ret.'lined on sor.eens No. 10, No. 20 1 :Mo, 30. 110. 40~ No. so. end Fo. so. a.:nr.i a slightly 1ner8i?.sed percant$ge of mriterial :i-etalnoti. 01t wo. 100. No. :mo, and passing No. 200. Oonstderihg the l1abil1ty of lt•\. being driven into the au by trai'f1o. the cl'IU'lt was of :r;,re.ct.tc,e.lly . . same oompo&ition before 811d atte.r tl~h1ng hy either tn>e of fluahe~. CILi Rt no. 2'1 14o~or li1~ti.shors. on Imst 1st St., Fi~eroa. ,st. t Sunset, Blvd., ~- amount of dust on t h9 pavoment. On Figueroa st. the t,~s-t f:Hetion oc)nta inod ov~r ·three times t he amount of' a -ust aoxrtnh1ed by the /test seot ion on Sunset Blvd.• , and Jt@·t t :h e pA:r.ca'.l.t ::1.ge o f tlust rarrmining after :r.:l.11shlng i s ·praot5.oa 1.1y the ame for the t t~, o forme.nae Q f the raoto r-dri ven flusher, th:ts test on :Blast 1st. st .. wns el imina.ted. Thn teH·ts on. .h'igllero a s t., Stmset Blvd .. , and West o:rn AV·fh show oonsistoo t rosu.lts. It is interc:1r ting to note thf:l.t flus hing seems to renove a def~ ini t e 1>e:rt!ientaga of the d1.:1.at re gardless of the total. Wostern Ave .. nea.r_~~Ji .. ..(sect~ons _1,;. 2, a.nd ____Z_,:) Ohf.1 .rt No. 27 shows the total weight i n grams of dust on the test areas b$fore a.nd afte r fl:u.sh- ing by motor-dr:i. v en. :fl usher• a..nd oJ.ao the J)erom.t the by weight. In aaoh case ·the dust i ndiontad on tho a:ra·a before fl llsh ing 1$ t akan a .s 100~. It ,rill be f avor able aor1dit ion~ surrouniLi.ng the tes t• namely: noted that 011 Enat lst St. ~st showed more dust on tho s,r oas after flushing than before flashing. Thi a was pr obably d.na to the very un- high wind. , heavy trai"f:i.e, am ve'r9' light dust oonto nt of th e pavement . In e onsidering the })el"'- areru:J. -'- - -- - - - - - -- --- ---- -- - -- - CHART 8 MO. 28 JiIID ?-W . -29 -. 1.ng. oomposi tion as the dust on the street before fiush- .mD.te :r.i al X-Er(; a ined on scre ens No. 10'" Ho. 20, lfo. 30. and i:fo .. 40. It showed a sl i. ghtl7 higher :percentage re ·t a inod on No. 80 . l fo. 100. •and No., 2-'JO., The perc ent age of flust :passing No. 200 wa s prr·)otioa.117 the se.me b 0rf ore and after flushing. The tests on East 1st st. ar e not here co nsidered. i>eCTause of reasons diseu.ssed above. C~11siderin g the liability o f it s being driven into the ~ir by tre.:f'fia. ·the duet after f'lushing by motor-dr iven flusher was pra.ctiea lly of the smne r ema i n i :u.g conte.ine d ~1 t~lightl.y lowe r peroenta.ge of nnd 1, ass i ng No. 200. O:n B'i.gueroa st ... afte r moto r-flus hing the dD. st Ef'f$ct of F1uehinF2 0 11 Du~t ComJ;,g_gi ·tion Chaxts Noa. 28 a.mi 29 give the results of sc:ree nir.LB test s. On Stu1Bet Blvcl.,. after flushing by motordrl v an flusher. the dUEl'G r umal:ning: contained a slightly lr., wer peroenta.ge of m.ateri t~l l."e n-lf.d ning ol'l, screens m, .• 10. 1ro. 20. Ito~ 30 .. No. 40. no .. 50, .No. ao. and No. 100; it c ontained a slightly higher -peroentage of 1·t1~te1•i.Ql re- tained on s er een No. 200 and pnssing No. 200 . screen s no .. 20 ~ No• 30. No. 40. and Ho. 50. On Western Ave ... near 4t h. th e d.ust remaining a :rter flushing- oon·te.ined a slightly lower -perce.nts.ge of. materiril retained on retained on screens No. 80. No. 100. No. 200. anc1. a sJ_S.ghtly hi gher peroe.n t B,ge o:f material - .: ) ~~ H') ~41 .A!lfMt. ,!f .»uet Re.med Q:!9. teat . AFea,.,.Qn 2:Srt street )Z ,ggr,e,eDr~ ,,_usb,el,"J! PJ!ero-i8p _,Qf:...~Af) ueafJ:.a ~h04,.w!.tl! an .. ~ erinleflt&+ H!thO.!\ Ohr...l't No. 31 ellowe the total ·ue1gbt ar dutt on the teat area 'be-tore and aftel' fln•h~ ~l.&G the s-ame q,uMti t1efi ia pov aen.t, using t h0 ~mount or ~ t on th:G a~cll: bef~r-e fluii'M:.ng at loo,C. !Phe tl&~a1 metho4 of hc,i-ao.,.dl'mm. fluhlnt'f ts tor ,he -n treet 1u, be er.'f'.er84 twloe 'by the ·'fitu•b1?38 &tl"<tfUl• On$ tlueher tollm11ng t he ,rt}HJP.• eaoh half Of tl'w st»e.et being eo¥-E1:rt.Jd. ~e:para'tel;J' 1:n tlilis ~ e r . \'he seiaond m&thtic:1. tried ~1,.-perlment~lly here• was to et.ill ~. "tel' eatlh side o,f the etnet. .a epuatsly ;- but to ooV&l" it :.moe 011l.y by an$ flusher we.gmi. On~ side of' the t,tra.et was, flt.if}hed vd. th th.o tu'>~«le ln the wm,e.l. poe.ition, a..'ld th8 other aide waa :tlatlhed. with th• nht:10 tm,-n-,d ~ so t.nv:ts the etre·et :raeatv•d a "we.sld.nff' ep:ray 1netead ot a "cutt1:n~!,f ~~• The obJeQt U1 varytns th• rr,ethod t,f flushin6 .on the two &t.de11 ot the itreet was to ·< H>~e t')tte 61de against tho !, th.e1•.. llf:r1teve-r • the o.bse1"Vora who l).a,d seou.red the d111t ~pl~~ from. the etraa-t. were ·ll:JlS.Wt'1'e of this i11te1:i t1on on the pa.rt ot t h~ r.mua. di:e,, ot:tn1 the :tlueh!ng a.Di!. t..e-A not segregated the flue t ~li\llJploe trorn the t \'?U ei d6.B of ih• etre$t_. !l"~re:tnre• the onl;y oompariaon that oan be l!W!d.e la but'»aen the uB\lal ~ho4 o:r fl\lshl'tlg with iJwo fl~ll.~ arut t:tie 7'1G-thod ot. going &nae over 1 ~s deooribed above. lt !ff uiti,,,.~·&til,g to not~ t.bat, altl10~ th,1 Gtreet OOU'lHii-r~'t'l mc;>re tliim. t \rlee as. i!lU.ah dust 1n the test when tlushed only ()noe $.8 when. :tlust1e4 t wioa. the percentae.~ o:f dU,J:t;t r ·~ "fild l:iy going OVQr onl7 eJ1Ge l a b:Lit s11e'.h.tly le,~~ t .h ~ t hat r«:iO'VE:)(l l.>y t11e ueue.l nJ.?1-thcd ot flushing., !he u.au.:u methQd :ret110-vec\ ra.ppl'u~ima.te l:, 66% of th~ diat,,. 0.8% wh.i la t.;he tton~t.l o~ern met hod :ramovod aw r w,.itJW~t€:ly of -t.h e du~t. lt ts iiell t0. ntrte hare thirt ~li'd St .. at the :poin·a t -est.ad io $ feet from c.Jl'Q'Q te GU.rh and ·~ho s.sphalt t .s verJ/ smooth .. ~a~t J~o. ~2 J!J£ff!!'. Q-1: ,Flstm1M .,~? ~&t Cqg;,ettitt~'?A Chart No. 32 give, t .he resultu o:r serGe • in~ i}e~1Hh So.ree?ling toste o.f the duf!t &n the £tret~'rJ 'boiore and &i>t;er flushing ellow that after :rluohtug in tha usual m~or tho duet re,.,, rnuinill8 .had ~ 2ligh.tl1 frtllf.t,ller peroentaga 03 weiijht of 1~·tel"ial retainl9ii on fHJJ:'(j@ J'ls lio., iw . ?lo. so. Jo .. 40, and :pae.sing no .. 200. 'nunte w,-,,& a sli3t1tl~ inc.r0a.aed por4.entaij.,; ~f ~ tedal retaiu~ct on aor&ol1$ s o. SO,. ?ilh 100. and. No. 200. Aftel" the •~~er1mental" ~nrihod. of :flushing• ~oO'far ing the str&et onlw onee 1 th& c~st r~iu• lng had a slightl:1 lower- p&re•tap. 'by weight• o~ material .r etail'ied on ue;mea1.1s Ro. 10. Ro. 20. No. $0., No. 40• and :i:~o. 50, encl a 01ie;htl1 high.e r percentage retained on No. 100, ·~to, 200., m1d paseing- No. 200. Oc»1ttci~ing tha l .iabiUty o:f i.ta bein,z tl:u-O'Wn into tho e.ir by tz-:~f:f'i<J-1 the: tluat .aftl.!l:t' f'lu~ing ,we.a of p1•a0ti()ally th~ sn.~¢ oompo$i tion ae before. flushing • . -r, -~ t! . .iL .1.L , j CHARf NO.. 35 Ai.1ou.nt o~ J.h!st ;Removed from Surface of Streets in Pasi9.clena ( Gut ·terH Exolud ed) ORART· BO ... 36 - fro m the smoother eurfaoe was the greater .. ra11 oving abTrrt-y it is ab out on a T>~-r. with the ho;;;.~se-d.Tli\.wn fl ushe~s ... The test on··· Wm. rru't street 'llms ovi.n : a arnocrther sur:f'e.ee ·t han those on California st1~eet. Ail ,~uld be e n eo·t ed from the type of oloanar,, the percentage of dust rsnoved T110 te sts show thai; the vaelnun oleitner does not remove fJ.1 1 d11Bt, and indicate thg,t in du.st- By .~~ V;JJ,a11;um c.1,rn,11.i!!G Pr,ooes,.I! Oha:i~t !10 ... Zp shows f or th.re~ d:tff:'erent t~st are an tho total we igh1; of dust on the area before 11nd after vaonum clea m.ng; also t he siune qu.untities in. per cent., u.g:tng the amount . of d:ust cm · the area ·be fo 1•(l oleanlng as 1.00%. Beoau.se of the small nn.m'ber of th et3e ta rJte, nml booa:u.as they wese ma.de in J?a s adena a11d not 1n Los A:ng eles, the reau1ts he re ahtnm should be ttsad wit h eHu:t ion •. of Tht~ pe rao'nt r1ge of ma.... ing on the street after vacm.un cleaning was prao- driven 1.nto the sir by traffic •. the dust remain- tial retained on No. 20, lfo. 30, No. 40., No. 50. Ilo. 80, and m~ •. 100. Considerin g the liability of its being in the pe:reen'liage of d.nst retained. on screens No. 10, Mo,. 200, end passing no. 200.. fhere was a slight decrease in the pe:reent age of mate- wh ich sh<>wed f:l. slight inereaae in pereentnge after vacuum clea ning. On the north Gide Gf Oali:i:ornia street.after vacuum olea,nir..g there was a slight increase on till scroeng, there boing a notice_a,ble dif:fereooe only in the ,' inst passing No,. 200, IJ!hr~ Eft eat a:t V f!.<JUllm Cleaning on Du.st .Compos!.t ion --..- Chart No. a6 give s the rasuJ: t;a go roe ning te st s " 011 Walnn·& ntreet the a-CT.st remt:d.nil'lg after v acuum cll':)S.n:1.n g showa,:t e. rf.U.gh tly i rm:reasea :poreent a.ge of 1nat e rl n,l rem.n.ining and passin.g lfo. 200. on screens Ho. 10 • Mo. 50. and No • 80. There was a alight decrease in tha percentage of ma.terial ret ained en !fa . 20, m,- 30. m,. 40, teria.1 remaining on :rio. 100 P..ncl Ho. 200 wa e the s81De before and after vaouum cleaning. On the south side of California. street. after va.cuum cleaning. the dust remaining had almost exactly the sa.'1le perean tages retained tioa,l ly- o:f the s s,me comno Bi tion i1 s it was he fore e1ean.A.-.sr.- ;m9t e(a&st, Rf!P!v~4 . :tr9zia iV,tttm bz il\~l V!fla Cl•amar ll1 _.ff!A'1Ri Chart No. 3$ ~ • tho t ·otaJ. wetght$ ot du11t on the -.rcea. b,t'o:r$ an<l: ~tt~ c:Jl~t.ng, a'.tVl the ·aamo qU\'1:t1t1e• mq,NJ~i!fet 1n tern11 of pe:r t.,Ein'b; tlie w(d$}it Qn the a.rea b9t't>l"G elean1ttg beffig ta.k:$!1 e.s lo~. Al;iih.,WJh tb• ~ • a ·Of 4ln O.l91gj.Mll..J on ttw •~ ~ -wet"o. wt4el1' different., the pero•~ re:ma.Jnlllg td'ter •elGP111g wet-a ?41011. mor• :ne&rlf if the._. ••1'.tl.l• 1he gutte:r-s eelfttrtet\ tor the hat w,er:e cement., TBP1 tmlOOth"' u4 perfeetl1 dry. ~1.e exact loaa·uon of' th• duet 1n tht pttere w111 ~:atl1 P.ft'Jet to.eta ot this e ~ t • • If a 1argG! peroente.ge of the dust ie \f&ey alose- tSJ the- <IU'-b• tho atwtion otteat if the 1ra.m1.mn oleane1· do-ea not have· oppt>rtunit1' to e,,cert tta tull torco upon lt,. and a le.l"-ger aw>u.nt oc duet wl ll re•tt1 t 1~a:11 u· the duait. is ••:tv dot>ettteo. ov&r the g,:,.tter, In thle test tho. au,t was ly-h\g .,ust a:& l t had been ~o.a1ted. by the tra:ffic &n4.t .j,Ulglng trom a_p:peaf'anoee,. iutte a. l&-rge Prtl:P01"t1on of it was ff'tY olo-se to the onl!'b., Vlll . . OA:t.OUUtXONS AlfD Bl.BIO DAfA Ti!§ Data All time date: wae obtained by direet obs.ervation. On Central Av••• Rout«. 11. bec&tUJe the.?J:'IOtor-ariY.» flu.sher started at Central $nd Jef'for-aon, the b.orse--drawn b&tteey- was . started there also. Sino& t .h e nearest pc,int to the 001Tal on 1fu.1s route la Oentral and. Wuhin#J1;on, o:rdi• nt.rlly- the horse•dr~ "battery would utart at Vfaehinghon inatsa.<l. of at Jeff'er- soti. The t1~ "golng from o.orral" waa corrected by · subvaoUng troua the e.otual till'l8 the tl?M ipent 1n ~i>:1€ trom '\.Va'111n 51Hm to J-$ffereo;n before flushing began. Anet.he.-r eerre-ot\Qtl was made for Rou'fa> l l beoatta♦ of tho time epent by the batter, ot hor•~6LW11 f'lush~r.s in going troa Jet!'er$on a.nd Oentral to 58th and Cent~al. afte,:r 0$»-ttie..l had b•e.n tlWJbeq,., !t'h!o 0Q1·reotion wna mado beoan.se ord1• narU.f the batteey would flU$l the 1•ou.te iu auoh 1:equenc.e us to e-11:u.lnato this dea,d-.hea.d1ng t1ffl4h :§9uA£e lards .rlu&h.§d. !nlo observer took notoa ·conoernillg the a.raae flushed by the nwto1...,.Ul"iven !lusher. When the same route was oovered by the battery of horee-drawt1 fluahers • the d:rivere were 1nat.ruQted to tlu.th th& &wne areas. (!lote..... Throue;h a miounder• etmHUng, on Route I the horse-at~ oa-t:lte-J1Y nu.st..ed a.11 aprons on western Avenue. al:though the m,otor--dri1'en flu.eh.er hM not fJ:uehed th~., On the oth.&1;' h1.u1d• the ?l'IOtor--d:riven flu.ahall flushed one block at Serrr,.no rmd one block ot G,t!'ord ,mioh were not tlll8he4 b; the hors~~ batter.,. The total r.iumb-61' of aquare yards :flushed on Route l was almo-st identi<!Jal for eacl\ tfl)e of flusher.) 4ll are&s flubed by the moto:r-dri~oo flusher ware caloulatecit from tl1e o:ff'1e1a.l prot'ile Ul$p&• .All aret:i.e rluubed by the 'battery of horae,.dr&tm tlu$hors. ft~Oep't part ot Route 1. were caloulated fl"Om the ot·r tQlal prof1l• map•• TAe ~ea ot Western AYEh (1noludin.g apron.a) i·rom Adana8 St. to fenple St. -were obtained from the offlaia.l nit area ~;pa. {For detailed d1reenatona of &reae flushed, soe pcgoa 152-155) Motor-4!&!AA r1uea-er bur1ng the motorjltOdriTen flushinth the ob,u~rv.er reoordtld at the ·1 ;1egi~ of ea.oh f1ll!ng whet.hex, or n.ot tho 1iank waa $1pt1'• · lie aleo reoorded the t1me du.ring the tlow ot wat~r into thu tattle and the loeat.1on of the hydrant. Out ot 161 mot{>r...dr:\'W'ffl f'l'1Sher l(>ad.s • all &lrO-EJpt 23 lHl"O tu.ll loau. Ot these. .23 aho:rt. loado 10 we1•e ma.do at hydrante prev1 cu.sly uaed to obtain e. f1.1ll load. ~e amO'llnt .o f wata-,r \laed ln theae 10 lond.1 wr-..s oalcu.lat&d ao00:rding tt> the proportion of time 4nri,ng watQl" inflow of tlle t wo ::f'Ultngs at th~ Sl!l'ne hydrant. §ftl& Calettlatton ltoate t i l UOtor-flu.s her filled at Ave-nue 20 ::md Broadway l200 gals. 1n 152 nee, (Jlffle during inflow o-f watet·). flus:ber la.tar f1lled at a~ ~ant .• b·~1,nn1ng to till 'before the ~lt we.a ooniplatelw empty nnd ta.kine 128 ~ec. {time attt-1!1.g inflow Of wate.r l. attmate& tor water ua.oci in tlie 1~n,ing l.0 dlol"t loa~ wa:lfe ·be.sad on rates of intlow tr-um th-a nearest hydrant. at wl'-1.i<m l~O gal.th W'&l"e ob·t aln.ed. or u.pon the relative dtuo)l..')3.•iJe time of' the n~•t tull lo~d ond the ohart load. lla.i;;;lm P! ll&;1:;_a r:4tami ll'Wohm:f ~e p.-esaur0 in th$ f'li1t,1l1m- tamx at ~ !Uling was r9't4 at the beglnJW28 and enA o:t: fliling. From etirtee ( obtaln&c1, eq:io:d ,!lltlllt$ll11 '9 !beh~s '.Ql'!IAU ,m J:lush.e,r ,md s,i.11~:ri..s o~ wat.f!l',.:_i.Q .f~sah:er f.or Yar1oue bl! tial ,ch:~gµig pl"&Stittros, it wan poea- lble, by means of t ho :praee·t1.r1,:ll:l x•eocro.ed fol' eaeh t.tli!n~., to w.•riV♦ at a elose a.pproxlmatlo-n o·f 1ho amaamt ot we.tar put into tho tlttnhel!" at ea.oh till• ing,. (~es.e ourvei, m:·e g1ven;'.·on pa{~ l.39~) • S~l~. Oalc,tla~ 1~. llP»,te, \l At oentral and 20th st. 11 Gharg~" prrJ&S\U'8 • 4S lba. p e1"' stru.e.re 1:0.011 :Pr$ss in tal'lk at ~e€:1n O-f t ill • 11 lbs. 1,~r 0 1 • "' '' end of fill • ilii ll:~-s. " from the ou.rTa ahe~t. WatGr in !ltl!Sh$'r at 4S l'bth in1t1al oli~rge e.n4 59 lb$• press in tan..~• 515 gale. 11~ta:r in tluber n.t 48 lbs. 1:ni t1al <Uluge and ll lbfl. p N8$ in tenlt:: 25 gallh Net ~llGns ot water put into tlusher • 4't0 gals• (l.I~te•• 'rhe initial tt~ao" preeiu.re ta fint aetemJ:ned 1>7 obsarratlon at t he time of 0 Qharg1ngt' the £'lush-er air ~ank• .tat•~ aq eaoapt tt air ts evidenced b1 a lower p~ctssur• 1n the tank at tho beginning ct tUltng tlUUl :1ero wate:i" con• tents w~uld gtv~. ir~ the Ottlrteu can ltG obtu.1:ned the '*initie,l ohru.-g-e" .til'-asaure oorr&ti:pondblg t.n t.h1$ lO'ii&l" pressure at 38J'O water contents of .the flusher. This "tn1 t ial obA:t-ge"* pres~e .t s ti.ien uadd. in tbe estimati>B until again the p;1:"eseur$ in the tank 1n<1loa.-tes a nw t•Qh.arga'' prWB'W."(t. ) - J!or 'the ~tteey of two htr~a,m fluehers·.• the t~tal ._te,r uoe4 b7 one fltu,he1." on e&.Qh route was eatisted au described above• and. that amount doubled M an e■ti.~ o:.f the water useo. by the entire batte~7• the pr1sew:e 88USGB used i:Q thae.e. obe,rva.tio:na 8,1.ld oaloUla.t1ons were oalib:rated by the later DepartmKilit• (fl>.e deta!led data oOll()ern!ng w•ter will 'be fe>ud on pe.gea 13'1•14-5. ). O,ost ca,19ulat1ona Detailed coat Mloulationa tollov,• !the: ;u,e 'batJed on 4.ata observed. 1n thla teat (eee page 1-36} and; upon figurea colleotod bJ the Board et Pllbl1o Worn on horse-drawn f'luehlng ooate ln Februa.ey, 1916. Eaoh of' the coat 1teme ia there ttillJ dleoue•ed. Ooeta of ~otor Flushtng Du:rl~ ?est Period {~oto:rs Sta.rt r.wo. Pinbh :.m T'he1:r Rcutea,} Oovertng 4 1•f.>.Ub(t:S whieb were eovered. by ~~flush·e rs in tllo same manne.r . 30.47 ll()i.U"tt wurk~d., or s-e1 <1ey.1 -.. Ana 1:- l®hed (aet.11.al l 409.aa6 equ.nre yarda, t otal cost& pa:r 1000 Jda• C·oeto 11u.Bhed fiM Ooet,1. , .leg.,ta l . I Units per motor por s~k• MZ t} 14 ♦ 71 ~kltor {1 • t lit:,71 pe:r fiJaN) •• • ... , • • i -56+0.5 { Oontra.ot pr1Qe) Foreman (i125 ... 5 motors• 26 ~ • $"9$2 ;p~r motor ~} , ~· • • • $ 3.G? !fm lnte»tmee of Equ1pm4!1!1t ) )Cootrnctor'e J:'..epreei-,tion Md interest} e~r,e.noe Workmen •s Omm,e-nsat1on. •Insurance ... le81SV% on oity l•bor ,;,, t·or-eman • $$.l?1 • • • • • • • • • • • • ~ • • $ .07 A4ffltJ).lttratUm "" 4% on all ttme e:,.pene~ items ·"" • ·tor&. fOreDlal'l!li Wol"l".mtm'a oomp. Ine ... total J!St.79 • ., ••• $ 2,.39 W@rt!f Oosta Waters 1!'1.rfilt .Cost ... 1as.1ai gal. {Cal• • c,ulated. at t .0421 per ii gel. ... cost of ' production) IJ Ad..'ntnUtrat1on (4% o:t first oost) $ 1.ao 1.,90¢ $" 2.06 .:n ,Oest e .oe $ Yar!Wt! co,t11 Culvert ~11d Oata.h :Sa.sin Ol-ooui:ng .. $ ~ F•b• costs $.0124 per Myaa. tlu~heA (Uf~ed f.Or ~ne alld motor alike) ~eep1ng Ov.t:ter :Oepoeltt • £ ll Fe.b .coste • $~0203 per~ ld•• :flushed. (ut1e6 for $ e.~l ws.goaa and motor alike} ,qoeta Cl>f !Nmn.. flutll1DJ1 '.h.,t · ~ ""' • t nU~ittY; .m :!:il•;:r,· ,·t:@• ~ (j,,'xelus1vs Oi' fl"avell»B 'titH to and from tler.-1ml} Oovoring 4 motoJ1oi-:fl:~eh•r l'Outu in tlHi U11le msmer e.e ro,l!ittts were ooYered. bf llloto;r..tlaohera. 26.G,\S lleu.re worked,, 01· 3,33 da;Yt + Aro& flushed htatual} 436,68$ oqu.are yai'4G• Coate per Tv't,al Ooe1t.a Ooa'lie 1000 sq. yds1 pe~ ~ n f11lS'he~1 oattEt17 • , . (~t>~:tfJ . J!!,~ 6•hr •. dN:, Teems (2 ... t io.oo per d~i (B.Bt-e :paid fO't' ~avers and t~} ...... ~ ·· · $lW!f. 7 .. 65¢ $10.00 (i llO ~ 25 tenme • A6 4:qo • t-J.64 l'~ t ~ dtq) $ 1..2i ·~ •¢ $ .s1 t 1.20 it:fr¢ $ .36 1.. 1:1 .2&; $ FQ~etnan Mat.n,e1uni<.H> of ~tpme'nt (B.:r. w-F&b• ooste + $~11& JJtrr i'b.eher-dt.iy} DepNroiat!<m &w.i 17.11:e~aet (m r, Fab,. costs .... t ~.110 p er. £1W:Jh,:!'1'1-da~) ; I~~ i ~• .34 0oJ'1q>eneation ItUlti.:t&.~e 1.8571! _on all labO)' ~- on 'J../2 t eam o~mt., Oil. f oi"ems.n, oti. e~ o·t ~in.. 'be,lm'LOC, {J".s t ,. t ot•l $la ,85 Admlll1$t:ration ~ 4% on all t1m0 QpoM& it8l'J!IS • t~s. :rtoreman, mat.ntena.ne•• Wot•k~en'P Oomp. Ina.• total ia6+10 We.ter .Qost_e, Wt\ter:i " Fir-et cost-. lS&,.420 gal. a.t .o4Zl (eoat of' production) l.53¢ Adrn1n1'etra/tion (41' of tint oost) .06¢ Oulvttrt end Oatch Jasin Oleatttng • B D Feb• ooeta ot $.0124 p-r lt •4•P•• f,:aahefl (ased for w~one Md mo·t.ors sltkeJ ,Sweeping of gutter depoelts .. E 'JJ !"eb, co&ts Of t.,0203 per ii aq.Jde tlttsh.e d {u.&ad tor wasone IUld motors alike l t e.ea i•OI¢ $ 2.66 f u9.S9 us.11; $1'h98 f:}osta pf' Wasqn Ffw1h.1•S. WU'.1AB i'.'oat E!1"il>d Ooverin& 4 tn0tor,,-t'lu.sher 1touteu in t hfJ sam.e ~ e r at routes w~1·e covered b~ moto~fJ:usher•• 31,14 b<mr-$ wo.i•ked• en• :5-89 days ... /l'!!aa .flush~ {aotnw.l) . 436,659 e~o a-e.rda. Total coats <last s pe:i:• 1000 sq.J'd.S• !'lttebed (e6l'lt") Units per 2-w~ batter,y per a...bour ~1!!9 OostJ 9!Y ' l ' ~ t 2 • $10 •.00 per ds.y l ForerMn ($110 "" 23 t ~ ,_ 26. days • i .184 per team day} $ .37 lle.t ntenance ot Eq'&tlpmsu (1:!.P,W. Feb• COiitU f .l,78 per .flu$he.r 43.y} tl to136 :Off.Pl'&01at1on aul Intereat (.B D F'elh ooete $ .170 :pe.- iiluali~r-day) ~ aM Workmen.tf.i Oomponeatio>1 lns'll!'«Ul~(j .- 1.857~ on all labor ... on l/2 toruu oo~t. cm f ore1*1\t on So% gf maintenance C:()et • total $22.0l ~~ .4l Admin1st:rat1on ,.. 4% Qn all time &~en.e s itema • 'te&"U, foremen.,. mab1tenane~. $ 1.68 A:nd Worklnen'e Oomp. ln..s .... total t :112.115 Water Goats 7 Wate:ri first Cost• 158.420 ga,.l. (oalnul&tGd at a.o at of prod:o.ot1on. ®•0421) f 6.67 l.53¢ t l.1l .A.ci?niniat1•at ton (4i Of :n :ret Cost} $ .21 .06¢ $ .01 ,Iaruase Oo•t• Oulvwt &a.d Oat~ Buln OleUling •SD Feb. oos:ta t . OlZ4 per ~ sq.yds. ('useu .fer wagono and motor al.lit~} &'weeping .«>f .Gutter D&.po~lts ... la ;p Feb. oo~ts - $.020.z pe~ Mt sq.yua~ flr.umed (used for '!#-agon and mot o-.r alike} 'l'C:lt!!.lS Area flushed. par bs.ttery per 8•hour day MEORm'IOAL 008'.rS OF VACUUM CLEANING Assum.1ng 11aoh1naa to be owned and Operated by the atty of Las Angeles. Aaswnptlone, 1. Uintmmn of 1.200.000 yards to be oleaned daily. 1t1ed in eontNLOt1 (lUnimmn epec• provU.ed alao that m-aohines :tllrn1shed shall be worked to their normal oa.pao1ty.) 2. 175,000 yarda • eatlmated a•erage 8-hour performanoe of one machine. Based on 12~.637 • actual pertormanc,e ln hea.T7 cliatriot, 211.000, theoretical msximm pertol"IJWJ14e 1n normal light diatriote. overlap oaloulated at 1()% ( PGbrue.Z"y performance)• a yardage equivalent to 27•1/3 miles mn per 8 ~our•• 3. 26 world.Dg cttw• per month• 4,. Dr1Ter• $86.00 per month1 5. The coat of remoYal of material oolleoted, by a Ta.cuum cleaner helper. J 2.oo per day. will be oolllpal"able wi,th 1:he oost of removal of material. depoe1ted 1n gutt•,:;e b1 flushere (not 1nolu41ng eost of piling auoh depollits) and therefore• for a. oOJaparatlve -basis• should not be lnoluded, as this cost for fluabing cannot be aaoerteined. 6. Truck repair•, $-. 0413 per mile (Etf1otenoy Depa:rtnum.t haulage ooet data). 7. RepaS.ra to olean1ng sppa.ratu, $•056 per mile (lmeed on data fllrniab.ed b7 agent of mach1Jte) a. Gas 8l'ld Lubr1oante .., t.1.0 per mile ('baeed on data ftlrnished by agent Of ma.chin&)• 9. Tiree - $.0136 per mile ... baaed on. city prtoea, 8000"'1Dile lite. 10. Foreman - $110 per month tor ea.oh four maoh1nea, or tor ea.oh ahour shitt. 11. Administration - 4% on all items of current expense. 12. Depreciation - $ .0807 per mile, as follows• B1na and Fan Engine - Cost. $628 - Life, 3 years (agent) Tmck and All Other - Oest, $3364 ,.. &o.ooo mile lite. 13. Interest - $ .3205 per working dq .. based on average value ot $ 2000.00 at fl-j, . 14. Workmen's Compensation Insurance Cost - $1.857 per $100 of Pay Roll - be.oed on state Labor BUreau. rate ($2. 70) at actual coat. 15. Fire Insurance - $.202 pe r ~ ... baaed o.n average annual premium of $G3. 16. Property Damage Insurance - $.045 per~ - baaed on standard class-of-machine rate, $14 per year. 17. Collision Insurance - $.308 per day• based on standard annual J)remium of 2.4% of machine's first eost ($96 per year). 18. Pllblio Liability Insuran-ee • $.160 per d~, baaed on standard claas-of•machine rate ot $50.00 per year. 19. Gar&.€,~ or Yard Rental - $.769 per~. based on Bffio1ency De• partment haulage cost data, showing en average annual rate ot $240. 20. State '!'axes - $.099 per day, ba aed. on r ate of $.40 per a. P. (40), JJlue a lump sum of $15.00 on a ccount of weight. An equipment of 4 maohinee would be needed. It is assumed, on the basis of 175 1 000 yards per machine per 8 houra, that 1 1 225,000 yards would be swept by 3 machines working 2 shifts and l maohine working sbig le shift. It is :turther assumed that this extra machine would be worked onl.7 one shift and held as a reaerve-eqttipment unit. • (Note - .Assumption 2) - Teats made by the Board of PUbl1c Works., City of Los Angeles, during the month of :February, 1916. l'.EROORMA?WE 1,225,000 yards (net) per dq• for 26 worldr,g dqs per month, or 31,850.000 1s.rds per month. 27.33 mtlee run per machine per 8•hcnu- day - 7 maohin&a, 2.6 8-hov ah1tts - 4974 miles per month. )J u Ooets of Vacuum Cleaning (by Contract) Entire Month ef FeblWl.ey, 1916, in a DtM'ntown Diatriot. Ma®.1ne Started and Finished on Route. (Note - 1b1s work was experimental and temporary. A nominal rental of $500. per month was agreed upon, because .o f the ehortnees of the period of work. For thia statement, the figure of $ .105 per 1000 yards cleaned 1s used, th1e being the price tixed by a oontraot reoently signed for a. period of three yoare.) Groas Areu Swept, ·s,179,505 yardss Net Allowed., 3,025 9802 yards. Diatriot was in the oenter ot the city 8.lld included certain oongested•diatr.lot street•; waa difficult to olean. Time worked ... 192.67 houra during 26 ~a - an average of 7.41 houre per daf• Maximwll Normal world~ Time During Period - 27 8•hour clays • 216 hours. aontraot Price • 3,025.s Ji. ,ua. '® $.105 Oost per Coats pex- T,o tal 1000 Ja>:-ds Oost cleaned machine per 8-hour {oenta) 4N: $317.71 10.50¢ $ 27.50 .91¢ :Foreman ( ln$peetor } - ($110 .,. a ssumed 4 machlnea Maintenance ot .Equipnent ... (Contractor) Depreciation and Interest• (Contractor) - - water - mone uaed - .. worlanen•e Oompensat1on Insurance (on fOreman) .s1 Adrdniatration • 4% (on $345.• 72) - - $13.83 CUlvert and Oatch Baain Cleaning ... none Sweeping Gutter Depoaite - none Total 11.89¢ (Note - IJ:he above is the only a.ctual oost data obtainable on the Vaowm Oleaner from tests m.de in Loa Angeles.) TOTAL .AJD UNIT COSTS 'l'otal oo.-te Drivers (7 at $86. per month) $595 Helper• (7 at $2.50 per dey } $455 Operating Labor Ooste $1050.00 :Foreman {2 at $110 ;per month) $ 220.00 Malntenanoe of :Equipnent !ruck - $.0413 per Illile Cl. APP• - .055 " " Oo.a ta per 1000 yards eloaned loen.ts} " $ 4,79.00 1.50¢ Depreeiation (4974 mi. @ •.0807 $ 401.50 l.26¢ Interest,. 4 ma.ohinee, eaal:l $ .3205 per day $ 33.33 ,10¢ supplies and Materials: Gas, 011 9 etc.~ $ •10 per mile Tires . . $.. 0136 " " 4974 miles at - $.1136" n 1.77¢ 4974 mi. ~ $ .0963 ti Ooata per ~ cleaner :per 8•hour dg I workmen•• Oompensa.t1on Insurance: on drivers, helpers, foreman, an.d an estimated ·50% Of l!!aintena:nce of equtpnent - .01857% on $1609.50 tnouranee and Taxes (shown but not inel. )* Property !)am.age $ .202 per~ • 045 " " Collision .308 " Pllbl. Liability .160 P'ire ° State Tax .099 " 4 maohlnes, eaoh $ .814 '' " tt " n $ ( 3.36 )• Garage or Yard Rental (ahown but not incl •. )• 4 machines, each $.769 per day $( 3,08)* Administration: 4%on avrent expense items ... labor, foremen• maintena.nce of equipment., supplies and workmen's compensation 1nsUl"anoe - ,291 total $ 2342.05 ... OUlvert and Catch Basin Cleaning (none) sweeping GUtter Depos1ta (none) TOTALS ... $2870.Z6 - Bast:Hi on ~ontract., recentl1 siwied, for a. t;ti n iIDl»ll of l 9 200 ,ooo e,que..t"e ;y·ar.:l e d.ail.J • at a rate of' $ .105 J7or lot,O !ni u i.irt, y~rd.t '1'$'11.h tha apeclfioatio:n tbnt 9D.Oh machine :turn1shed shall be "1orke.d up to its m:>J');!.13.l ce.~ity• !} A&8Um!tl,011,L 1. 176.000 square ya:r-d.a, norm&l a-hour oap'-loit; ot l ma.chil'lEh, 2. i'cnu- machine& will b(I reqo.il"ed• three Of ·nn.1-Ch will be VH.t l!ke d lG bour~, and ems for 8 hou.t-a • th'.lt latt~r to be u.sad S.P e. "res(jn>O"t! Mtt. a. one :tor~ in charge et nll machines working d,u,rlng $1. S•Jaour eh.1tt .ea.laey $110 per month•· 6• Wo.i-:ki'Jlem's CJcompenee.t1on InuuraneiiJ ... l..85~ (ootul co.e t) 1)34>" $100 of p~oll, on city ei:o:ployooc only .. Cost per '11otal Ooat 1000 aq .. yds. Oost per 'Vaa~•oleaner pt,r cleaned per 8•hour month {g~e•t day 0ontraot • · :!il,850 .,.OOO sq.ydrh at j .lOG p.~r M n& Oosta FOY."en:wp1 • 2 at $;110.00 (S·eC!f P.fi'' aba'\i'e} Workillt9nte OOffl);)en.uation Insnra.nee $.Q1$5? cm ;t 220.oo Aclm1n1strot1on ~ 4'fe on $,3•666-Z4 TO!ALS t 4.09 __ $ 142.73 ,_ $3711.07 _, $ .78 $20.39 Not9 • tlaintenanoe ot Jiquipment • Depreoiat1on and lntaro-et aro items of expense that are "borne by the oontraetor • -and a.re included . 111 -the <eo11traot prloe. The 1te~ ot: ,vatei~, oulvel"t an~ oaton oasin ale.an.:},~• a.n4 w.veq;;ill6 of gutter depoaUa (included in tl~e'.!d.n g oot)ts l are not thown ht:tre. there oetng no· eoat for these itetU& tor -reo~olean1ng~ other Derived l!'i gures Figures in Ta,ble 1 1 page 1§..: A!'ea. f lush ed. per 8•hou.r da¥ is derived :fro.'ll total area. flushed and time to flu.sh same. (For ba~ic data, see Table 16, page 136) Gallons of water per .1000 eguare 1ards flushed is derived from total wate:r used and total area :flushed. (f'or baeie data, see Table 16, page 136) :&"lushius time per 1000 eguare ,mrds was derivoc'l. from observed time data (Tables 25 and 26, pages 146-.1471 and observed yard.age d~ta (Table 16, page 136) ' Total cost uer 8•hou.r de~ was ca.l eulated as shown on pages 124--127. F'ig1u•es in Table 3, page 52, were obtained by grouping t he detail oosts os.l• . .aulated on pa.gas 124-127. Table 4, page 55. v:as obtained as follQWs: Time observations a.a given in Tables 25 a.nd 26, pages .146•147, were reduced to terms of par oent, taking time in the route as lo°". T"'nis gives us the first and third columns ot: figures in Table 4. Nex t we obtained. the fourth and sixth columns by dividing t he average total numbe;r 01' s~eonds p~r 1000 square yard.a into its oonstituent parts according to the peroentagee shown in colunms one and t h ree. only to the nea.reet second were nsed. :tn thes e ea lcula.tione the results 1lext, colurm :f'ive was obta ined by using the 1.den'l;i,o~l figures in. aolman f our exoept f or the last item. 1' in8.1J.y, col'Wml two was f'igu1•ed from column five. The orig~n of all other tables and figures used is shown ae they occur in the report. Linear Dlilte.noe Of fl'-hed tlallou Are Wat&1' ot ~.o,t;ell. 1111\o Worklng JlICludiq Time on \l'o an411-om .Route Oor.-al ..... (hcnu-e) .lioute J o.,,,, ' ....... (f~t!l ·- 1 22.,lSi 121,190 52.,$00 &.12 - n 12,260 56. 04'0 i s .. 9&0 6.68 n Ill 21 , 790 l09•P.84 49.525 ,.,s • ft 1V iQ,p;w UZ,S;tl r tt1._110 l I , 1.sa 76.,215 409.een l8fh1.55 30,4ll - Uo.rtu,..ti:rawn I Fluoh,rll 21,005 12$.04-7 es.s,o 6.,.m. a.s5 tt 11 23.600 &Z.,487 32,190 !5.30 , . 01 I'!' Ill 21.'190 109., 284 4$.400 ?.60 a.so It IV 1:.0.019 111 1s11 436,659 . , •.51 26.66 . 81'8 86.405 • 5!1!!2 lSS,420 fl ,V&hl'!'• .:;n:..➔ u- Otrilll'~- ""' (a!Sl'.:!) One M'otOi"-" I<'lu.she1· If • Ba'titer, O'l Two Linear Dista.noe ot Fl.Ushtd b$4) J See~• 123 • 152•156 SqlW,l"e Yaru Pluobed ) 31.14 WA TER Table No• 17 USED tablG lio .. l8 ROtr.l'R NO. ONE • WBS'?Elm !VENUE. ETO. ROUTE NO. TWO ... OEN'l'RAL AJEN11E, Ero. Motor Flu.sher #5 .. 52 .eoo gallons Motor Flusher :fl,4 ... 35,960 gallona (No eheck valve) ( Oheck Valve) Time Time LOoat14>n of 1J1d.rant '.PU.ring Gallo• Intl.ow of water Of Water · . LOoation ot Hydrant Min.sec. W esten & A4.atns 1•16 1-55 1•26 1•25 ;1.200 Oent.-al &: e1'efferaon Olub D:r. l-55 ., O~ey 1•20 & 11th 1200 1200 & San Uarlno & 9th & 7th 1•34 1•26 1•34 1200 1200 1200 " & Ingr.aham & 6th 1-23 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 0 " " ti II tt " » . 3-30 & 4th 2•12 ,," & 3rd 1-19 fl be\w. let & 2nd. 1•27 ft ft tt tf It & !?ample & Oatmood. & M.eltoea & Me1:i.-oee & Romaine 1•31 1-28 1•27 l-30 1•34 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 tt ,, 1200 1200 1200 1200 720 & 49th :Pla<M 1•58 & 47th 1•20 ff & 52nd & ~th & 65th 1...10 & 07th. & 58th 1200 " " & 55th & 52nd & 51st 1•29 1•32 1-13 1-14 1•32 rt &·49th Plaee l-8 1200 1200 J.200 1200 1200 tf " ff n rt n " 2-20 6-4 1•18 2-0 betw.42nd & 43rd 1-7 1•36 & 40th tt &: 31st " & 27th 1-42 l-46 It & 25th 2-S " " & 22nd. & 2oth 3-24 56 1200 & W a$hington 1-0 440 tt & 22nd 1•17 " &, 24th & 27th 1•14 1200 1200 1200 & 34th " " & Temple & let & 3l'd 1•22 1-42 1•26 1200 1200 1200 " & 3rd 1 ...9 1200 " & 5th 2•16 1200 & 6th 3 ...54 1--26 • 1200 1200 " 1...za 1•18 1200 1200 1-22 1•2.0 Country Olub Dr. "ti & R~buey 1•38 1200 1200 1200 1•30 1•29 1200 1200 1•36 1200 .1200 1•11 " & 9th & San Marino & 11th " & 18th " ti " " " . ft Western & Ingraham n & 8th 20th & 22nd & 24th ' 1-41 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 & 36th 1200 1200 1200 50 - 30 & 4'1th & 45-th tt 2-54 2•29 1200 tt .tf a, 6th " Serrano & 5th 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 l200 1200 " 1""47 1•14 1200 " water ot & 46th 3-,20 lfOD1ca " & Santa 1•32 ltQm&ine " && Lemon Grove 1•22 & Melroee 1-10 " & Map181fOod 1•20 ft ot water, . , . & 38th l-5 " & 40th 1•18 " " betw.42nd & 43rd 1•23 l--40 ff & 22nd & 20th & 18th & DOrehester Gal lona Inflow Min.Seo. 1200 1200 1200 1200 ft Du.rlng Jo·te·: 1-22 1200 The metho d o:f obtaining the above tables is explained on page 123. ,) l WATER USE. D 'l'able No. 19 iable No. 20 B9Yffl lf(). JOUR ~ 'Ith and. Jloto.r '1•ahu f3 - 49.525 gallons 14otor iluaher _#l - 46,&70 gallom (Bo oheOk Ya1Te) (No oheek val••) T1me Till& llu)'lng LOoatton of J4,41'8Jlt ntflow ot watel' . M1n~seo. DOR0'1 & Ave. 18 AT•• 20 & Broa&Yq " 11 20 & Albion 20 & Darwin Kain & MO'illlton Ave. 20 & Mou.rt " 20 & -.Albion Broadwq betw. A"lfh 21 & 22 " & Ave. 24 " & Worlaaan " " " & Gr1fi1n & Ha.nooek & ll'ho-.a " & Prlohar4 Pr10hard & Manitou " & Barbe• " le Bart:,ee " & llaalth BroadWa, & Pr10hard " .& a~ 2•26 2-6 4-0 2-9 2-8 3◄3 3-32 2•18 2•15 2"""24 2•34 3-4'7 1-,.29 1.-34, l-38 Gal. lona of 1200 1200 1050 1200 1000 880 886 1200 1200 1200 1200 2-6 1"'"44 1200 1..29 1200 i:F 960 $60 1-7 '""15 915 1200 800 land & Hoov•" & Oarondalet & Al'VBl"ado " " 1-55 7th & Wi.t~r ,t & Ul11on tt & Alvarad.O " & Lake & Wilehire Place & weatm.oreland & Vermont ~16 1200 1200 1200 " .1200 1200 Dal1' -•'1r•Bd57•& AT•• 26 1•50 1-58 630 '' & Wl • r & M & 20 AYe. 20 & Paeadena 2-20 565 805 2•32 1-44 1200 920 2-22 1200 760 " 13>0 " " " " " 2•28 2-42 S.F. R.R. 20 & Humboldt 2"'35 Hqden & 22 Ave. 20 & Humboldt 2•36 2-14 " 20 & Paeadena " 20 & BroadPiQ¥ 20 & Paeadene. 1•67 2-8 " 2""16 1200 1200 1200 1000 1200 1200 " " " 3•38 3-30 20 'betw• Salt Lake & 1200 1200 1200 & Lake & Weetlalal & Bonnie Brae & Beacon & Valeno1a " 2-60 2-35 1""47 n " " " " 1200 1200 1•55 & Oarondalet &Rempe.rt 1200 1200 1200 1..30 2•16 1290 n 2•80_ 1•15 3-0 20 &.~olctt 20 & Salt ;Lake R.R. 20 & Da,ton 20 & Dayton 700 2•18 " " " " " 1•28 & Park View ).200 " " 1•56 1200 1200 1200 u 1200 Broad.lfaJ & Workman 1....f52 910 1200 1200 1...17 1•66 l-46 worlanan betw •.ATe.26 & Bcbry. 3~10 :Paaadene. & Aye. 28 worlcman betw.Paa .. & Avc,.24 Pasadena & AYe. 26 2•17 1•61 l-46 & BarliJlgton & Vala?J01a & De!W'er & F:tgn,eroa 7th betw. Kip & Buel " " " " n & .A1'e. 26 & Ave. 26 Of Water betw .. Weatmor.,.. 1200 " " Gallou 1200 11 2-22 2...13 " " & Eastlake & Jtb!u1on & ~~rlclnan & Wo • ~ ;Intl.ow of water W ater 1200 930 1200 77.5 Dun22g l,oOation of Jt1drant & W estinorela:nA & W ilahore Place &: Hoover & oorol'M!ldo &: Par~ View " 11 n:s .St1. BOU'l':E fto• !Miq@ • NORTH .JRO.ADW AY n " " A Garlald " b•tw.-" Kip & Bixel 9ti. &: Fi.gO.enui & Denv•r u 11 • & Al)a:q & Bea.call & W eatlak$ & Gr.and View & HOOYer " be'tw. Westmoreland & ltoover .2-,22 2•20 ~•6 2•36 1•38 2"'"34 ·r1 2-{) 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 3•18 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 2-3 3"'46 2-33 1200 1200 1200 2-31 - 2-17 1200 1200 1-.48 1200 1200 2-0 2-37 2•2 2-40 2•$5 3•10 1200 2-13 1200 1060 1200 1-52 3..1 1030 1010 1200 Note: The method of obtaining the above . tables 1& explained on page 123. I , C -~ - - - ~ · "'-"' . The 011rves shown :tn Clm.rt ,No. 39 we'l?e· nGed in •& stirm. tin~ the amount of W'.&;ter ua&d l,y 1;hse battfJ?Y ct horso-.,dravm flusherfl.h- ?he m~tl1od o-f' ttaing th•m in this t:es't 1.s tles er:lbeil G'.n ptige ~ Meth()d of Obtainirw: Curve-a on Ohart .N~. 39 enti~Eil7 A 116()0...gnllo-nn f1usher· swas weighed empty am w:ith at'1:tu, ll'rphE.rrie :s,nsmtre i n the tacnk* ThS'n water \t'ae a.1101,i;ed to fi~w in.to it until vuitei~ 'b®ga;i ~o go ove? i nto t he td. 1"· oli~mber,. :t.,e,., untll the water el1Smbe1:- was gi1"9 pe,l '!!ectly smeo·t ·h ()UTTe s.. To '!)ressure obtain the SDiee. iiwse l asli are i6raig1it lln,e " curves , tt t he experime.nte.1 d.a·ta could be more aec.ut?s.tely ave~ged by the ir use., and from th~n we.re i . rawn the smooth curves gi van in Ohart No. 3'9,i,. in. f fttS!}~.1.• ·e t<h "lor 0..1.<: J.!~S~U?,:e . 1n fl,BJhe:f,.• 10-lb., l)ra,swre ta:'h'.~~~NA~Pt• •a . sep&ratie -cur~ being flrawn emo~th '3'(lt:r'Ve'e shown"1 eu:_pplemsn.t ary 0111."ves were dn~:1 l>e~ee:n \1Rte,r in flusher e.nd initial mere f the, e.~ el.":t mental datt.t. fl.te ourvee shown in. Chat't .H'o ,, St a:re curves ieri VGl'i tram t he rYrigi nal da t !'t obta ined. The7 are nt')t t hf: t:1:iree t plotting of this dB.ta., bec a11se the . initial ehSl"gi.:ng: prEH1rnu.1"es a~tu.nlly obtid.n~t1 1n the e:.;;q,eriment were not &xe.rotl7 10: lb~.'i 80 lbs.* 30 lbs., eta.; and~ f urtherof course did not and 50 lbs4 The test was etopped a.t 50 lbs. '1nttia1 cha.rge b ea&us& the hy•:rf.ints ntar tbe enly sos.lam tivaJ.1able gave a 1treaw.r~ of. oitly a littl$ above 50 lbs. ohamber - 10 lbs .. , 20 1bs •• 30 lbs.• 40 lb-s.,,. of tJie f~ll(f,11~ initial oharges 1n the air the abo:va proees·s was repeated for each draw11 between water in flusher and in f l~,!lle~ at zero iutia! charge. chart m,~ 39 full. The pro·e sUN i n the f'lueb.er· was the-n note{l. . en a the :fttlJ. :flusher wo l ghed. lhnrt ,, v,fftte:r wris di11J-cha,rged :from the f)..ua:h:t.ng aozzles until the preaS11:re p.uge . showed it 5-lb.,, . u.rop i n pree·sure. At this po11'lt t he f lttsher 111a s aga i n we igh-ad. This oyele of op arHtions was r ep&n.ted ur1til fl. rea o:rrl had been o1Jtnine d of the \,:eight of ,the f!ual1tr.e ::md its rrn.nte11ts at pressures in the flusher· te.nk vaeyklg from z~re lb. per square inch ( titracs:pherio pressure } to the maximum pressure -obtained when the water chamber was .fl1.11 ., From th.i s data n curve wa~ .j ~ f "~ - Table No. WATER 21 USED Ho~e...-P£pn 1.luaher ·f at - Total Gallou • 19,l?Q. p~ .tooation of ~4ra1lt PNS!!£e tn hp At begla,. At -4 ot n11 a-1l.1nB'oa & Hartari 24th &- Westen 22ncl & aotb •& 18th & 8 0 tt 17 " 16 " 16 Jol'Oheetttr & weatern ll Ooati'7 Club Jrl-ve ll ot nu. BatJmatecl ater 1n .tag At 'begtn., .At end Of flll M" ot tlll ln ta@ 62 60 61 0 0 600 490 110 63 66 • 8& 86 496 &oo 66 '1'8 0 $20 0 140 81 120 641 13 210 555 Ml 3.26 486 fl/10 506 600 It tt 4115 4%0 n " "" n " 520 540 426 loth 16 19 9th 13 81 60 8th '1th 6th fth 1'1 73 165 19 531 66 210 315 10 0 4th 19 19 87 92 92 526 560 ,260 260 bd 19 92 260 0 11th n.re ·a-• 15 GI f-»1• 9 M 87 Jlelro•e 12 17 LSIIDa Grow• 10 Sierra Vi•ta )Jj 74 "/2 Santa MOntea Santa Koldoa 14 0 Romata• Jlaplewood, " "n " 51 l'.be. 560 rt 47 11,e. 660 560 310 310 " $60 555 4io 215 $60 .346 i'/1 76 0 21 160 490 500 Jil'UathOa 14 84 0 ,-,1. 12 17 87 1815 97 70 J,4 82 31"4 15 4th .. " " ti " " 340 It 525 530 521 Mi 0 545 lal 102 10 650 475 526 540 " " " 24 24 92 216 535 95 216 140 120 640 545 IS06 405 385 230 .$00 270 320 325 Ingraham 20 19 7th 26 ff -72 70 9~ 13 13 82 77 0 0 636 525 536 1Mh 11th 19 535 S35 520 Mi 00\Ultey Olub Drl•e 170 170 1, $2 82 PiOO 17 73 120 Cambrl<lgt 18th 20th 22D4 16 17 14 71 96 72 120 ~: " 4?5 ?1 40 0 1'10 78 70 66 '' 90 385 410 490 13 19 It 42 lba. 515 24th " t1 165 650 6th " 566 665 650 550 ltk ft 47 lbih 36 Fire Rn•• 51 lbs. " " 166 140 Clinton n It 310 146 83 Oharge .. 62 lba .. 490 . 386 520 520 515 515 506 52$ " tt 71 lbs. tt 71 lbt. tt " " 71 ll>s. u " " "tt " " " " 60 lba. " " " " " " 425 400 475 " 60 lba. 516 $66 400 386 tf tt n tt "tt " " The method of obtaining the above table is explained on page 124. ~ ,;_ ~ d . - - » -,..~- l e,, , Ta.b;te No. 22 W A ! E ll RoU.te Baml,e !Wo U 8 EJ ',J) .. Central ATeme, eto, Korae-Dniwn Fluaher #29 - fotal Gal.lone ... 16 1 095 Lotatton ot ~ Wa,h~•n & Griffin Central & Jefferson 38th " && Vernon " " & 47th O@tral '& OO~h " & 54th Pounu z.reanre .ln !au At begin. At enA ot till Of: f11l lZ 56 61 64 10 71 0 0 12 13 74 10 '16 76 & 57t.h 19 & 57tlt & 54th 16 Central & $let 14 16 16 " tt n n ft ",, 19 & 49th &, 45th ~ 17 . 43rd & 39th Central & Jetfe~son 70 546 320 13 14 15 18 71 90 535 445 64 110 625 415 66 90 525 436 6~ 59 90 2ij 520 615 430 49.0 00 0 0 610 460 520 525 520 525 475 65 50 25 12B 536 510 0 72 0 1'7 lf$ '11 70 70 10 16 15 72 40 535 500 500 505 67 10 490 71 71 71 0 60 505 505 505 445 605 505 70 0 0 500 500 71 130 606 375 14 16 14 14 19 fi31 430 490 465 480 " 48 lbs. " " 48 lba. tt " 71 "tt ff " 385 13 63 " " " 320 840 22$ Qharge • 56 lbe. 54.5 550 54,5 90 70 71 !21!: 460 5'5 400 360 400 12 Compton & 38th 38th near Long Beaoh & Compton " " near& Hooper Naoml " 540 90 0 225 540 535 72 ll & 39th 585 375 & 3l•t & 36th A.loot 515 440 & 27th &: '42214 620 535 550 68 & 3~th 8 0 &40 61 Aaoot Ascot 470 165 140 185 9 9 Central & ~th Hooper & 38th 6.10 110 12 " "n 30 73 & 23rd It 600 505 '19 Central & 20th tt ft 600 605 161 ll tt 0 0 81 18 & 32.•t· & 27,~ . & .M ;b & 20th It Ee!S•:tl.4 w1t1r &n ~ At begin. At Qd !fet ot fill ot (111 in ta:ak It " " " " " " 48 lba. " ft n ff it " " "tt ff ft 48 lba. "tt ft " " " " " 48 lbs. " 72 lbs. . " tt tt " ft tt " " " "tt " " " 68 lbs• " n JI " "tt " The method of obta.in1ng the above table is explained on page 124. I '-(., Table No. ~ tr S E D WATER Route Nwaber 'l'hr•e ... North Bro~, eta. - Total Gel.log - 24.700. Horse-Drawn El,u@K f7 Poun48 tooat1on Of lf1'4rant Pressure l! 9!ank B1ttmatfi! water 1n Ta.a. Bet At b ~ • At •d pf f1l. l 12>. tank ot till At bQSiD.• A1' end ot till ,ot fill Alpine & BroadW~ Bro~ & Ave. 18 & A'Y8• 19 " 0 0 13 4'5 0 41 41 0 &95 400 400 455 445 595 450 3SO 335 445 Chm-ge • 46 lbs. " " .. 13 38 100 100 Alblo:a. & Ave. 20 9 40 G Hol!Sal"t &: A.Ti• 20 Darwin. & AT8t 20 & A'Yei; 20 lto,sart & Ave. 20 9 10 0 .., ao 4,ff> &l 46 0 8 41 ,o , 60 75 460 606 505 455 4$0 405 " 39 31 60 475 425 425 • 425 It 34, 126 ft fl 7 9 32 0 4,40 33 75 450 440 445 325 ",. " 10 32 30 100 440 34:0 n 32 lbs. 100 425 416 325 ti ft 860 660 315 486 610 5&0 460 660 405 160 560 560 610 560 tt & kf'e. 20 .. Albion & Ave. 20 g Bn>acbr&¥ & A'te. 20 8 & ATe. 22 & A.Te• 24 & Worlallan 7 11 " N " " & S1abel :Sl'Qa~ & Griffin rt cit Johuon " " " & .._ook & -..,tlake 10 l.O 46 0 8 100 29 70(Appl"OX) 75 It 70 00 10 Pr1Ghar4 & ldanl,ou 10 12 '10 Prlohard & Barbee Prichard. & M.aJd.tou Prieha:rd & 3roadw&¥ 8 70 70 70 & 1homa1 Broa4wa¥ & Prlohal'd BrGadW~ & iboma• & Eutlake 9 7 11 10 9 0 70 70 70 14 14 30 33 BroadWq & Slohel 14 & Worlanan worJanan & .uanltou 14 13 33 34 &: Broadway " near Broadwq 14 11 workmen & Ave.., ~ Paae..dena Ave. & Ave.28 & .A.ve.28 11 11 11 " " ft & Eaatlake " & Gr1ff1Jl &, Johnston tt tt ". " workman near Ave. 28 " & Ave. 26 11 ll " " " 100 155 50 0 23 25 28 " .. ft " tt .. 32 lbs. tt " " ff tt 430 ft " It 32 l'bs. " " 70 320 460 485 500 290 320 320 320 Ct 70 lba. 325 380 325 " 500 0 0 0 0 370 32 lbs. " 0 0 0 28 ft " ff 560 0 605 45 lba. 32 lbs. 100 75 28 tt ,. " " 37 33 31 475 430 " " 130 0 0 0 40 0 " " ti " " " " tt tt 660 290 370 380 310 370 340 340 340 340 300 280 280 305 305 340 340 ff tt tt ft It .. " " tt " 60 Ii tt ff 50 It 50 lba. " " " " ff "u ti Fluaher f7 ( Oe,nt tnued) tooation ot Hydrant Poundo Pre@we in ~ At 'begin. At ad of till Worllman near Broad.way u II " Of £ill • le'tiimat d Wa.tor .i n Tulc At 'begin, At end Net gt 1'111 of ;t'ill in tank I , ll 31 Q 10 31 70 0 60 28 ll .ave. 26 & Griffin A"te. 26 & Pasadena A'Ye. 11 •• ' 50 570 385 640 360 370 385 490 310 QJ:wtge 50 lbs. " 45 " It " u Ave. 26 & Workma.n ll 26 50 340 290 ti Da.17 & Broadway 9 9 9 ll 9 30 30 30 32 0 0 395 395 395 n 1f tf 0 75 395 "It ft 39 0 ,as 3~5 396 335 455 ft 38 0 0 0 0 0 450 400 430 430 4~0 450 430 0 ff It 430 It 430 430 "It " "It " 40 lbs. 38 36 0 0 430 400 430 4P0 430 4-00 35 0 0 0 450 40 75 460 II !I & & tt ll Broad.ray &: Ave. 22 ti & Ave. 20 A•e• 20 & Ban-anoa H tt ti tl 20 & S~ta Fe R.R. 20 & Da,ton 20 & l>a,t,n 20 near nswton 9 9 9 9 9 Ave" 20 & salt IBke R,R. ~ & Hayden 9 " 22 ti 22 & Heyden 9 tf 20 & J?&aadena 8 II 20 & Broa.clway 8 l'e.Us.dena. & .Ave. 18 11 .!91!!: Z5 35 35 35 35 35 410 430 450 450 385 It " " 40 lbs. " " 40 lbs. ff " ti ti ff fl II tt 'l'ho method of' obtaining the abovs table is explained on J)age 124,. I I I.I. ' r. Table No • .24 WATE1l 111:mD .Route Nwn'ber Four - Swenth and Ninth Stl'eeta Horse-Drawn Flueher f5 -- !l'otal gallons - 19 1 245. Pounds LOoation of Hydrant 15th & LOS Angeles 9th & Figueroa Pressure in !aJ!k At begin. At end of fill Of till 0 0 ~timated \>alter 1n TaJ.lk Bet of fill . of fill in tau At begin At end 510 510 610 470 470 510 420 420 36 435 400 316 39 0 40 42 42 0 50 35 & Georgia & Garland & Grattan 10 9th & Beacon & Bonnie Brae It & Alvarado ll 29 9 9 9 9 28 75 35 29 35 390 380 390 31 35 35 405 480 510 520 490 28 50 50 60 60 50 50 31 It It " tt tt " & Grand View &: Hoover 9th & Wilehire Plaoe fl & wentmoreland " &. Hoover "It It & Grmid View & Alvarado &: .Bonnie Brae 9th & Beacon Grattan " &&: Alb~ "ff & SUnbury 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 51 54, 46 31 31 405 405 346 355 370 445 460 470 440 355 355 " " " " " " " " tl ff ff " " tt " tf " " " " 380 330 0 405 406 ft 36 25 425 10 39 $5 8 44 45 43 .25 460 470 496 0 165 85 500 490 34 44 0 30 44 160 66 47 30 85 416 470 4'70 520 485 490 400 500 470 7 8 & Georgia & Figa.eroa 13 10 'Ith &: Figueroa ft & B1Xel 0 ,." 44 so Charge• 39 lbs. .. 54 76 55 510 30 16 75 185 455 526 370 fl " tt 566 556 11 35 55 425 370 " 7th & Coronado " &:& Hoover Wilshire Place "ti & Vermont " & Wilshire Place 10 10 10 10 10 34 30 415 43 52 42 30 386 426 435 475 430 7th&: Lake It & Weatlake & Beacon " 9 41 10 tl tt & Hoover & Coronado 7th & Oarondalet It (. & Union " ft " &: Witmer &: Bixel & Bixel 30 465 435 336 It 43 lbs. & Alvarado & AlYaradO &: Park View 30 35 lbe. n 30 455 465 506 460 " 415 51 30 " " 10 11 10 41 It " It 7th & Union " & Burlington tt " " tt " & Valencia " tt & Bixel & Witmer ft 385 470 335 405 10 15 10 12 ,. " " " 440 310 " " fl " " n ti " " " " n .. .. " tt tt " ff " " " " ft It tt " " II 345 425 t, tt " " ft " " 9 37 10 7 22 0 10 41 85 480 335 395 326 " " " " " 11 33 110 435 11 9 8 7 33 110 86 325 416 tt 46 61 30 0 435 500 520 600 490 500 II 610 370 12 45 47 140... ·--~- ,:.li : J ti " " 35 ll)s- It ft '{ f • TIU.El DJ;TA SUm. of the Seoonda Oonmimed by ~a.oh of Two Horse-drawn Flushers Operation Haute I Route II Route l!I aoute IV All noutea Turning 180° 1448 1058 860 1186 4552 Moving fot-l'1ard 2423 1186 iU58 2l1•t5 3210 469 1516 52? 2902 Going tQ,_IJyc1rants: Waiting for other team _13 1;e.nding a;t_ !:f.ydrants, .Before water i ,l;flow 4637 3102 4069 4404 U.412 After wa.tsr i nflow 5459 4091 4:550 4449 18349 During water in.flow 11805 10000 18718 14953 55476 972 2516 79v 1463 979 4203 1542 2403 2281 8742 159$5 14010 16397 10302 56200 13194 5207 t,651 8062 32114 590 1019 i{S}ipg ,~Q.~1,Jcrd}:~1/Jls 'l.'11'ninrr 1ao0 Moving fOl'Ward fluahing Traveling (to and • from oo rra.1 j Other trnveling ....... Repa1r1:ng 273 26 146 443 Charging air tanks 1111 1131 1684 107.ia 4998 Traffic delays 1St7 426 122 655 1400 1'7 1eo 171 45Zl7 61008 224197 Othet delaws Total 60137 Total Working 'xlme on mm.ta Traveling Time to and. t'1tom oonnl lv194 30110 54084 52946 192083 520? 3651 3062 32114 (The above q:uautitiee wera obtained lr'J tlli-oot observation} :ro-;~1 S-8C(a.l7.dl Cott~ by Olla Mot -~r-i-dr1Ten Flucb:u Route ! Route u Route ·xu Route IV All Routes ~nlni.,;i; 180° -~-.. 60 60 50 170 :.1ov1ng bM~d.a 1244 862 522 1030 3668 Mo-vtng £0:rw'u>d 762 890 l300 992 3952 1m22 1984 1825 2825 2445 159~ 202a 2636 8698 4538 295'1 6464 5414 19363 ----- 175 ti09 _....,.. 402 1847 2005 WM 8178 $41 794 600 2f4~ Golng to ,HJ;dran~s: aow tt'Om ii:§.nm.t.e : 'fuffll~ 18~ %092 800 I Fl'Uhing 12283 12738 12001 11652 /18664 Repairing .217t:: 166 15 1144 3667 81 460 102 18 66.l 10 30 4i .......... 153 2:9525 -24080 !'1915 28195 lOft,16 ....,__,.__.,_ - \· - \ Q_') ~;._ ~ '<:,.,.., St,reet & Seoti on A Grams of wst n- 71.20 6 ~'1 .45 69. ~33 23.00 IT If C Avg • .A&.B 23rd (2 outs) " n" tr n B n n n n 158.00 132.?0 n C When TakEl'l It Be fore tl fype of TI !I 1'f 11' !fable No. 2'/ #-40 #50 / 80 #100 il-•:)o :r ~. 1 # 30 J.b10 ,. 3.2 3.2 9 .. 5 s.. a 11.1 4.8 5.8 #200 20~5 a1 ;If) #200 passing 37.6 39-.65 40 .2 39.l 33 .. 0 36 ..0 1B.9 19.6 17.S 38 .l. 37.-05 45.5 22.8 20.35 25.7 24.3 40.8 27.8 42.0 34.8 24it:t 35 ♦. 4 s.o 2.s 2.7 34.l 32 .l.5 31.'7 22 .s 25.2 22_..a 3 .75 23 •.?.3 3.fi 33 ,.9 7,6 20.4 5 .,3 20.4 6.45 20.4 5.-3 26 ... 6 ~1.4 4. 9 9. 45 9. 4 21..4. 22 .. 9 9·. 4 2., 4.1 3 .. 2 6.4 3 •.4 6 .. 1 1 •.0 -6.5 -• 7.5 ~ ·- 9.2 8.J. 2.1 6 •.4 9.1 10.1 .. . - 6 ... 8 5•.9 6. 1 4. 7 6.1 8.15 ..,, .,() 6. 35 9.,G --- 8. 5 5.9 5-. 5 6 .• 25 5. 8 4 .. 5 2.8 4e;' 5 ..,. ...r~.J 7.0 6.55 2.9 1.n 6. 5 5.4 a. ~; 3 .. 6 7.2 13.2 s.o 22,. 6 25.5 35.5 30.5 5. 7 4.8 22 .15 8 .0 32.4 5 .. 5 4.,5 15.? 4.5 5. 25 5 •.1 6.6 11.9 7.45 1 2. 6 15.2 2., 7 4 .. 6 4.7 4.8 8.1 9.3 8.7 10. 7 24.5 4 .. 5 4. 7 3. 2 10.7 6 .• 5 4.4 4.55 2.7 4.75 5,.45 5. S 8.5 1 .. 3 1.7 5. 3 4.9 5.l 9 4., 3 5 8.0 5. 8 5.•.) 3. 8 9. 9 2. 8 ~ 1. 11 % (by weight} of sweepings retained on screen QUP.l lTITATIVE DtfST TESTS %of 1~ 24.5 , ()0, :;!, - 100% 41 ·1 ooot / () ~33.. 5 by wt. St•Cleaner :Dust ti n .H., Fl.us her tt 1'f n Afte r rt H.. F:J.usher. n n Bcfo:r·e " -n Jl n rt n " n ll.Fl.llSh€tr .,, fl n 6 .• 35 5.58 7-.0 11.9 11.e 11.8 6. 1 10 .. 65 6. 35 l.f . 95 9.0 11.7 9.7 7.0 8.0 '1.0 8 . 35 4.6 4 ... 2 5.35 s.&5 6 .. 8 2,.,0 ti 3.1 8.8 (h7 10.,9 2fh4 30. 8 o., 100% " !I 3.4 9.5 n 5,. 8 1l After rr.nueher 100% ll Before n After Befo r e 6.1 1.9 rt ff After " lT A~er "' 60,.30 " nAvg B &EA 145.65 " 23rd (1 cut) EA B ff n H.FJ.ush e:r 26~9 Be fore Western Ave•.. , A If 0 " n .Avg. A&c, 6~6 28.75 25.05 E 9 •.40 n TH I B D 10.37 n n l i.v.g •. B&D 3., 2 11.35 Bef<n:> e IT H Western Ave. u u F ff " Z5.60 IT 1, t!. Fl1ish er AB 35.70 n n OD ,.a e.s 4.1 ll 100% 157 2.7 !I :z. s n " ilvg. above 34,.65 EF 1 9 .7:5 After " Western Ave. AB & OD 37.13 n 9,.80 'E,I:..,~ n ff rt n Street & Section ~ Central Ave • .• A fl n C Tf " .Avg. A&C Ii' " n " B Grams of Dust When Takem. Type. O·f ty II ,, !f ti ff n n 1120 6 .. 1 4.6 Q:30 a.o ¥/40 r #10 3.2 3 .4 5. 0 3.-2 % # 100 22iA 24.8 #' 200 . 29.,15 36.0 31.6 7;,,0 4.0 4 .• 65 4.,7 6. 0 4. ? 4.9 9. 8 12 ..0 l.0 •.6 5;;_55 10.4 9.9 5.2 5.5 10.9 23.& 23.0. 23.-.4 40 . 0 36.4 37.05 28,. 2 22.-4 4«7 4. 9 4.,8 5 .,2 18.8 19.6 ~3 • .3 42. '9 3,. 1 18.1 40,. 4 3 •.6 20.2 36.2 3.35 19.15 38.,,3 21,..2 . 33.6 3.1 .22,.4 z•.25 19'.il-2 38.2 3.2 39.-3 34.8 26,.'1 #200 iso • Jao 3~9 4 .. 5 23.,.6 passing 14.,9 26.0 11. 0 4.2 3.4 9 .0 11~5 4. 3 s.!3 11 . 2.5 12 .• 2 Z'•tr:'1 5.3 2.0 5,..1 5,.15 4.2 10-. 9 3.9 4 . 05 4 •.5 5.1 4-.7 3 •.95 41 ... 5 3.\6 4.4 4.45 4.7 5.2 5.7'5 10.9 12.4 3 •.9 58.7 40.l 42. 2 1 •.1 4.0 3 .4 22.8 4 •.7 24.8 4 .• 05 23,.8 fi •.9 32.3 5.H 10.4 6.;;5 10.5 &.15 10.45 6 ...5 6 .• o 5.5 11 •.0 6.6 5.0 6,.6 4,.·6 5.!35 2 •.8 3.3 3 ... 6 8. 3 5. "16 3. 7 4.,,1 5 .• 7 6.,8 4.1 4 .• 9 4._5 5.!3 5.2 4. 7 4 ..1 5 4. 6 4.5 4. 2 ~, .9 5.2 5.45. 3.8 4.1 ll. o,., ._ 4.2 4 ..0 0., . t::, <') 10.1 5.3 11.5 10.e 5.6 4.9 5.25 4.5 9.5 7.5 a.£5 8-.4 3. 2 3.1 3..,8 2.6 z., 46.0 0,.6 7·,.5 43.Ji 0,.8 ~,;.•,45 44.8 47. 2 4 •.3 22 •.1 3 .9 4.1 24. 3 3. 2 a.1 4 .• 4 2 •.9 3 •.4 4 .; 0 3.5 23.5 20.7 3.9 7 .. 8 4.2 3.4 4. 3 8.8 4. 6 4.1 4. 1 4.5 ~, •.35 4. 55 3.5 5. 3 4.65 4.6 . 3. 0 11.4 13.15 11.5 %( by wei~t) of sweepings retained on se·re-en Table No. 27 (continued ) %o:f . 55. 2 108 51.5 85 100% 100% 96 •.4 1 001-Z 100% 100% 1.61 1.00% by wt . st.Cleaner Dust " !1 Ii.Flusher II n Before rt H n ll n ll lT After 80.60 50.7? 65,.69 rt 36.25 Tf 48.6.5 H II M.Flusher After R.flusher 1t Before Before 53. 45 n .Avg. #6 f 2&#4 51:•.05 82.35 ff Central Av e •• ,·fl., 2 !J-4 " n " Central .Ave .. ,. After 57. 90 47 . 52 " 52,..71 II M.Flusher ]) f1 n Avg. B&D . Befbr.e 57.00 n I ff If F n H " n n " " Avg. fl:1 & 3 5~).48 TT11 If u 55.70 63.25 After H.Flusher ,, If H IV After n 86.B!S tr M.Flusher u n n Before 1f After n n 128.70 152.30 100 .. ro 119.20 !1 n fl :'-~i Central Ave •." #1 "'1·3 57.$0 'Before Heyden, " n Avg. #1 #2 #3 n #5 172.47 ,~" .J<'!".,- A 163.10 r' B 167.• ,179 r. A & B C n f1 ff Avg. #1 & 2 Hayden, n .... -~ ~ , Street & Seotion If Grams of Dust When Taken Before Type of 11 11 " ff H n u TT 87.7 100% 5.,35 6.32 1.53 • 4~ 93 2.35 7.07 7.48 6.65 #30 6~5 3 •.36 8.5 7.74 6.97 #40 8.5 11.4 7.5 11.85 5.03 11.75 6 .. 50 12.3 #50 #200 % passing #200 3 ..4 23.33 4~94 23 •.62 4 .• 17 23.48 4.7 3Q.9 32.0 38.1 1100 30.·5 2.9 6.2 4.8 5.5 s.• o 3.1 3.7 3.4 29.18 4.9 4. 4 5.2 31 .. 2 27.5 29.35 5.95 9.25 6.7 4.3 5.,3 21.2 21.9 34.5 2'4 .6 28.9 27.6 36.4 39.9 29.14 29 •.l 6.5 10.9 8.0 12~2 7.25 11.55 5.5 10.8 16.l 19.2 17 •.65 25.2 37.7 5.6 '7 .8 6.7 12.2 !3.9 1·2 .,8 20 •.5 21.7 31.15 ·4.5 4.2 4,. 35 6 .. 3 8.2 6.2 6.3 6.6 21 •.1 2 2.3 21 •.7 8.1 22.8 21.65 8.3 7.4 3.8 9 •.9 4.3 21.1 25 .. 6 24.9 14.4 19.65 'lf;ao 5.63 1. 34 6.0 Joo 3.44 .. 67 8~3 7.15 2.8 4.8 5.4 5.1 1.7 9.4 3.5 21.55 6.3 5·.9 3.0 16.l 1.2. 5 14 ..3 5.63 10.45 10.1 10.5 6.,06 10.4 ll.4 9.1 12.1 13.8 4.4 5.5 23.9 6.9 6.55 5.5 8.4 10.5 9 .• 45 6.5 8.4 7 • .5 1.0 9.9 5.2 5. 2 5.5 6.5 6.0 5. 7 3.2 3.6 4.8 2.9 5.63 5.85 5.78 3.4 3 .67 3.44 2.9 6.06 8 .9 9.0 10.s 12.3 11.55 15.2 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.4 32,. 2 33 •.35 42.6 4.2 5.1 5.. 5 6.1 4.• 85 5.6 10.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 10.4 12.6 11.5 12.3 4.6 25.6 4.76 24.5 4.68 25.05 3.4 26.3 8.1 11.4 9.75 2.5 6.8 5.1 1.6 3.9 3.0 3.45 110 % (by weight} of sweepinga( -retained on soreen Tab I o No.· · 27 • (oon"ti:1:n:ue-d } • %Inf 83.4 100% 100% 58 .3 100% 49.2 by wt~ st. Cleaner Dust H.Flusher n ll After M. Flueher 1'1 62.20 59.35 60 ..78 29.95 Before n 60 .10 II tT JI A TT II r, " " B 7th St.~ A fl n B " Avg A & B C " If 7th St., " " After II 31.90 n 4 9 .30 54.70 C 1' " Avg A &B M. Flusher 1f Before 1l II 1f !I H " 11 n H Figueroa, AB n EF 11 " 100% After M.Flusher 140 3~:;. 85 Before -n 1f After " 10.40 5.55 7/98 2€).60 M.Flusher ti Before 11 4 ,9 .00 rf " TY ff Tl After 1T 46.65 48.23 42~3 100% 258 11 11 " n Tl 1T After 1'1 132 .30 18;-3.05 157.68 131.55 M.Flusher CD Avg above Before 11 F A B A&B C 26.45 24.20 21.95 tf n East 1st :-- ! 11 Avg A & C A C ~r: Tl E " C" n East 1st B H D " n "Avg B & D It Avg. Sunset, ff u u ,~., J tr 1-: - ( ., --- Street -& Section #1 & #2 #3 .'lf2 Western. f_'-1 H 11 " .Avg. ft 'l!t .,-~ n Walnut(Pasadena) A "Avg. A&B " C A , C " " California St. (Pasad·e na) n 11 n Avg. A & C ,r n 13 D· E fl ,r Avg. B & D F• (Pasade:ma) Ca lifomia st. " " of Grams Dt1.si;. When Taken Before Vae.01.m.. #10 6.9 5 i<7 6. 3 2 .9 # 00 th~ ~ 6.,7.5 3 .-9 7:. i2. #:00 6.3 6.,75 3.7 7.,...2 #40 6.~9 10~6 7.0 ·10.• l 6.95 10. 35 6..-4' 11.. 2 f.50 a ... 1 a.; l.O,.O 9,..-i 10.0 9. 25 10.0 8.,!'-3 9-.2 10.6 10.2 9. ~i #100 #BOO 1f~1 3.~2 18~9 4 •. 5 21.2 3.85 20~05 5.~- 24.3 4,.8 % pas-s ing #200 33~3 35.0 34.15 38 .l 11.0 11 • 4 11.z 9.1 4 ..5 21 .• 1 . 17.8 6.0 21,.4 14.• 3 _ 5.25 21.,26 16.05 4.5 r.n.7 20.6 '7 ,;, Q 19 •v A .:>,. 4.3 18.05 •4.4· 18.8 16. "/ 1.5.(1 16.15 16.1"/ 21. 7 1·. 7 • 5· • 4.,4 21 .,a 22 • . • -iC. C;) u r:. -• . c.: ;;JJ •'-' 19.6 29 r:. · .. 22.v "'·3 -0 ·• • · ' .J -.. 5.0 4 .,, ~ 16.- 3 ·1·5'.• 5 15.9 14 . •€ , 12.3 13~9 8' • ··(). 1·-'•4,•· .h;:; 10.15 14. 4, 11 .• 6 16. 7 H.,l_ 7,. 8 .. ,.,96 7 ... 6 9.,H 11 • ·• '• ,!.,, 9.B 4a 7 S-. 9 2.. 1 9. 7 1n • "'• 4 #; ,. . , J'J a ~ 7.o °'., .• .3 5.2 6 • ·3·· 8.,15 10.05 10~45 4.1 C!) ,:.., .• --·0 5. 75 'l'Y , .• ."-;.,· A 3 ~.(- e. .,:: "1!!1•f1 3.,05 4 ••~ .r. 2.J3 9.,9 l l,. "I . 13.5 •·• 1 11 .- 8 1° 1· v1% -,-.LJts: Dit -w• 5 3.,!;,5 10,,.8 5 US. 6 13.5 ·5-.3 9.S 12.2· 12...1 5 •.8 3 ..-9 4 ~85 4.,3 #80 fa (by ·weight) of sweepings retained on sore en Tab le Ito., 27 ( oono 1 ud.e d) • 43.1 100% 100% 34. 4 4G c.t oar:., 100% 100~ 63.6 100% i 6.5 100% 62.9 Type of %of St• Cleaner Du.st by wt. 11 M.Flusher 11 fl n n 11 n n 0 Before. Va.o ...Clnr. A~er n " 11 H " " " u 38.e5 32.85 35.45 22.30 n tt n 42.95 After After II ,t 91:: v,z_o,;4• oci>1 38.95 14• .16 Vao.Cl,qr. n rt 81.,10 B-e fa :re n 89 •.65 88.38 56.l,5 11 Vaa-• Olnr. 11 n " n " n " rt ) T IY n 34-.70 Before rz.~ .• or, n ve v 35.35 • 1:n --,.., oc: · .; ,t7<.cM,er t iu- - · · n a n n Tf « n " At-be r n n Vs.a-.Cln.t". 20 .45 48.13 Before " " ,., Before 16..5 5 n 75,.00 (Gutters Only) Pasadena Rawmond A-va-.. A Tf n O " n Avg. A&C E After n n " 6.30 15.00 13•.40 14.. 00 n F Raymond Ave. B " " D Avg. B&D " n :OE'l'Allt§ Of NQ!AS li'WSU.11! Jl!o,tor--lJt!Yen Fl.UShfit~ All of Wutern Ave. except t .h e aprons betwetm Adame St. and 'J!eBJple St. Between !!?emple st. and Melrose Av••• e.11 ot W•atern exoept the street oar rign.t ...of-way • . ~rom llelroee to Santa ~Jonioa. on Weete)J'tt AV1h, the ent1l"e area of the street except the aprons. All of Oxford St. from CUl"b to GV'b, between the aouth propel"ty 11.ne of 6th St. and th~ 1101~t:.h propert7 lino ot 6th st. All of Serrano :t110l!l 01.U'b l b,tiJ to O'J:rb line. betwaen the uouth property line Of 6th St. and the norih p~rt111.no Of &th St11 ~t t srz _ of ,ta Ut>r_a,$-"';Qi·e.wn 1Fl9@hftt!! ~he horse-drmvn flusher,$ tlush.od. the same area o» Weeteru ~a that given above- for tlle motol".-dr1Yen tlu~r exo-e pt that all apro11s \'lel'e flttehed by the horee-d,rawn flu~hera. Ser.rano and Oxt-ord we;re not flushed. On Oentral, bet-ween Jei'tenon and Slauaon, the area on the weet eide of Oontra). bstw&en the outer oar rail and the ourb, with the exception, o:f' the aprone. The area 'bet ween the out~r oar rail 8lld tbs c.,ur,b, on t be e.1.r,t tH d~ or Central• f i•am Sle.ue.on to Washington, exoe:pt the al)l"ONh CJn the wo~t aide of Central, the aru betw&tm. the outer ear rail and the curb, \>etwe~m W8.~hlngt on and 28th St.• except the ~rons • .Batter:, Qf Two Y,gre1..D1;1;t~ ll Fluslters Start1ng at Central and Jefferson. th• hQ.rse-drawn fl,uher~ flu.shed allot the area on Central given above for the mo•te-r..di·1Yen f'luahers, and in aa.d1 tion flWIJ!ed the t'OllO.WiD.$1 Central Ave.• from 28th to Je.f ferson, •between outer car rail and ourb. ex• oept th$ a.p:tons. All of ZS th St.,. .f:rom Central to end of pavemant near 10l'l6 Baa® Ave., ex.,. oept t he apwns, All of Asoot trom 381'.ih st. to 43rd, exo,f)pt the e.pr•~· ggute No. ,3 got ,Orl""D;lyen :Wlunher lh BroadWe.y from Ave. 18 -to Prichard. St.• e~oapt the &l?rC>l1s al'ld the a.ff& between the out81" ra.1ls of the oar trackis. Priehard St. t:rom N, Broad.Way to .W.salon Road, except the apron• and the area between the two innermost rane ot' eamll oar 'tmo)t. Ave. 20 from :N. Main St • to .Paea.€1.ana Ave. • e:x,~apt the aproru1. Ave. 20 trom Pasadena Ave. tc ~t.on. witl1 the eXOSJttiOn of the a-pro:ne and th& area between the two S.tmermoet ralls of tlie oar trackl • .a."fe. 20 from Dayton to Sl&Gn. Fernendth with the ex.c eption of the &1a1ollth All Of Av.e. 26 between G~U'f i11. and DalJ Sts. • Wi.th the exoeptlom Of the . aproneh All ot Daly st. between P.e.ae.une. Ave. end N, Broe.dwq• With the exo9.P"' tian of the aprons. ~a east side of l 1e.sad.ena Ave.. ;, 'between A'V'e., 18 Qt.id Av~ . 20 .. trom the outer car ~an . to the curb. except the aprons, lh).ttai;y Q:f 11\vo I~a~se~:Dpawn Flu~~Gr,! Tlle se.rue are~ gS,;-an above 'Were tluehed. b7 the hone..ai-a.wn fluehe~. (Not!?:• 1.n o.&l®lating &-eas _f l,:.imed 9 the t'ollowing inte~seetiono were con.,. •sido.:red as being flushed oncl!I only • Workman and Ave. 26" Workman and North Broa.~, Av-e. 20 $tld North Broadway.) lloute. No,. 4 All of 9th and 7th Sta., bo'tN-1eeu f 1gueroa and Vet-'l11()nt • with the .enception of the a.pron•.~ LQ.1 ,}insgles J!ai,lww Tr~ outer rail. of out'bound tl'OOk to outer rail of inbound traek • 16 teet Inner rail of out bound track to 1,nne:r rail ot' inbound ti.rack: 7.-5 teot 1: i dtb of entire rigut...of.,,~ .• two traeke := 19 feet 1 • n n ° single t.~ck ;; "•' fe<ilt ra0iti9 Bl9etric Bai:Lwg T-rncka out.er rail oi outbound. trao.k to out,u· rail of 1nbO'llnd trao.k :: 18 feet • . , ,,.. 1~0 1!:'blo N:q•: M l)_gt.@: for 4Na li'l\\$'h&.d oute I • Mot or flusher tlusheO. all of below ~(H'P' aprons liol~se-drawn battery :fluehEh':l all of below including aprons, e::.:oe.pt no tlush1ng wae done on Serrano and Oll!:f o:rd+ Length ( f .e et} Seotion W1c1th (:f'eet) W14'th not flushed We&tern ATAAU! :r1.p.1,. of t'Hl'lhire to S. P. t . of Temple n n tt S.P.L. n ~ N. P,.L. ft s . P. 1.• " Pico 11 !,00 t o tt '1 Wilsldre to B,PtL• ~ P1oo to s . P.L. " to N. P.L. " Pieo W(l.ahington to s.P •.L. " Washi ngton t.o S.P.L,. H 24th ivash. lfext 82 :teet Next 5$0 tt. to M.. P. L. Of .Ad&m$ s . P.l,. or Temple north 1381 fost N, P. :t. n WS$h• s.? . L•. 0 5216 100 56 ..... 56 .-- 5186 70 2560 56 48 10 .l 8M 48 82 690 1381 40 00 4$. 40 56 --- -..... li 314 feet 314 58 {avg,) 19 Na:tt 7.26 f eei 725 GO 60 19 !-i~x.t, tlext 90 teet 90 No:s:t lZS fo~t, 135 Nut 1210 tee.t 1210 Next 210 feet 210 ~ext 1209 £eet to S. P.L. of Santa .ilonioa Blvd. 1209 60 60 50 eo 590 Sttl"r>&ni) s . :p .1.• &£ 5th to N. :r.1,. Of 6th 590 --- .... - Oxfori .s t. s . r .. 1. O'f 5th to ?{ . r .L. Of Gth 13.5 (avg.) 1.9 40 {Above data was obtained fr om profile maps) For liorse:4fer! Fluah1ns Area of Western, i nc luding aprons, from Adams to S.S. of T$lnpl& • 95.,69 eq,.yd.e. (FrC>m unit area maps) Ar• Pf 'lJ&nt,orn 9 exclusive of aprons, from Temple to Santa :w .870 sq.yd&~ {¥rom profile maps) r!onioa : Area of ap romo on ';fest ern from Temple to Santa Monica = 1308 sq. yds. Total area :f'lushod by horse-drawn battery= 126,047 sq. yds. Total a,;-ee. f lu.shed by motor flusher: 126,190 sq. yds. Lcmgth (feet) Wid:bh {:faet} W14th not flushecl • Oent:tal .Avenue •. !'I ,,. '" 56 5.6 15 Z,280 1,915 55 15 .s. ? .L. of Oe11tral to n6ar tong Beach Avenue t,770 40 §.tre:e,t :S.P.. L. ot 88th to S.P.L. Of 43rd - 1.418 40 1,115 1,110 40 s.P .1. or Wash. to R. P .1~. o:f Slauson $ . p •.l,. Of Wash., to S~ P. L. of 28th S .,P~L. Of })11th to ;:,, . :r . 1 . Of Jci'fOl"ttOn l3 ♦ll7 Sfth St .r§t1t • j /!.$ODt Route III ~den. Ave. 23 to Ave. 20 l'iitss.dmi.a, Ave. 18 to Ave. 20 D$ly. N. ,Uoadwe.y to . Pasadena Ave. Ave. 26 • (h• 1ff1~ Ave. t o Paeadena Ave-. ( ct~alud1:ng Worltman i:ntet•tH,JCt1on J 65 16 - 3'7 ..... 9f;8 40 1.037 40 ....... Ave. ;w, Pasadena Ave. to u. ~n (ex:olud1ng B:r-oe.dwa:, 1nterBeotion} Ave. 20, Ban Fernando Rd.. to Dayton 3,'015 40 ...... 000 66 AV'#• 20" D~yton to J?aa,idena Ave. 1>1~iohftrd., i . Broa dWey- to t.Us&1on Road 2,861 2.100 6,228 66 - N. Bro~4wq • Avo,. 18 to Pt•iehs.rd. \'lo:-kman,. itrui1 tm.i to· :Pnea d.m1a A"le . • {@clu,d,ing BrO~ldW"d-1 lnter s~tion) 2.,860 52 70 40 ~b $treet W.P.L. Un1,.on to E.p.J.,. Ooronado 3.120 .i.P.L., Oot-o:nadG west 14,0 feet 140 Next 2120 ft. to s .P.t. Vermont 2,120 . 40 3,551 50 6 , 112 l,,069 66 w41>.L. lttgaeroa to w.,;p.,.r,. Union 50 00 1tb Street_ w.p .L. Figueroa. to t . P. L . Al.Tai-ado E. P.L. AlV&"adO to .m. curb t . Park V18VI Next 201 feet west ?la:at 18 f "'et wost Next l.2$9 tt. west t .o W.P.!,., Hoover W.. .P. J•• Hoovor to E.P~ -t ~ V~l"ffiont 201 78 1.,269 2.110 70 72 58 (a,rg.) 56 66 7.5 1.5 ~- 15 -. .... ---- .-.. --- --------·-----------------·-----~----------