Induction Generator Characteristics Citation Baker, Clark Edward (1917) Induction Generator Characteristics. Bachelor's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/d0qv-fm06. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07242024-205743885 Abstract No abstract. Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor's thesis) Subject Keywords: (Electrical Engineering) Degree Grantor: California Institute of Technology Division: Engineering and Applied Science Major Option: Electrical Engineering Thesis Availability: Public (worldwide access) Research Advisor(s): Unknown, Unknown Thesis Committee: Unknown, Unknown Defense Date: 1 January 1917 Record Number: CaltechTHESIS:07242024-205743885 Persistent URL: https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07242024-205743885 DOI: 10.7907/d0qv-fm06 Default Usage Policy: No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. ID Code: 16589 Collection: CaltechTHESIS Deposited By: Benjamin Perez Deposited On: 25 Jul 2024 16:50 Last Modified: 25 Jul 2024 16:57 Thesis Files PDF - Final Version See Usage Policy. 24MB Repository Staff Only: item control page

THESIS Induotion Generator Characteristics by Clark E. Baker Class of Nineteen Hundred and Seventeen Uepartment of Electrical Engineering THROOP COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 1917 INDEX l. Introduction. 2. Theory of Operation of the Induction Generator. 3. -Tests. 4. pplication of the Induction Motor Circle Uiagram to the Induction Generator. 5. Conclusions. 6. Curve Sheets and nata Sheets. 7. Appendix. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Vol. 15, page 409. Electrical Machine Design -- Lawrence. Alternating Current Motors -- McAllister. Standard Hand Book. l INTRO"DUCTION. It was pointed out as early as 1898 by several engineers, especially Charles P. Steinmetz , that the induction motor when driven at a speed above synchro- t nism is capable of delivering electrical energy; also that its ability to act as a generator de.p ends upon the fact that it must be supplied with a. leading exciting current. The application of the induction generator as a distinct generating unit has received very little attention. The most notable example of the use of the induction generator in power plant equipment is found in the case of the Interborough ·Rapid Transit Co. of New York City. The power house contains nine units, each of 7500 k.w. capacity. Each unit contains a recipro- eating engine exhausting into a low-pressure turbine. The generators connected to the reciprocating engines are .of the usual synchronous type, but those connected to the low-pressure turbines are induction generators. ' Several similar installations not so important have been made for the purpose of increasing the output and efficiency of reciprocating engine-driven units.· Charles P. Steinmetz wrote in an article in the General Electric Review of Sept. 1916, "The induction ' 2 generator is fully as practical as the synchronous generator. The only limitation of the induction generator is, that it is difficult to build for very low speeds such as 100 to 200 r.p.m., and thus at these speeds is expensive and of low power-factor. For speeds of 1800, 1200 and 900 r.p.m. the induction generator is well suit- ed, and for large machines even 720 and 600 r.p.m. or the same speed at which induction mot·o rs are economical, may be employed." A more recent example of the application of the in.· ""- duotion generator principle is afforded in the- regenerative braking of induction motor driven locomotives and mine hoists. Recent questions and articles in the technical m~azines point to the fact that few engineers are familiar with the operating characteristics of the induction gen- . erator. It is the object of this thesis to determine by test the operating characteristics of the induction generator and if possible to define its field. 3 THEORY OF OPERA ION. Since the induction motor principle is the basis of induction machinery , it is well to explain the theory of the induction generator by referring to the simple induction motor. Consider first , the polyphase induction motor with the rotor at standstill. A voltage applied to the stator windings produces a rotating magnetic field which outs the short circuited rotor bars , inducing currents in them . These rotor currents cause the rotor to revolve in the same direction as the magnetic field set up by the stator·. Under load , the difference between the speeds of the ' magnetic field and of the rotor is just sufficient to cause enough current to be induced in the rotor to produce the torque required for the load and to overcome the losses . An increase in the load causes a decrease in the rotor speed and consequently an increase in the rotor currents . Increasing the rotor currents demands a cor- responding increase of the stator currents representing an increase of the power input. The current supplied to the induction motor under load is made up of two components : the power component , that part of the current which is necessary to carry the load and to overcome the losses of the machine ; and the quadration component , that part of the current which 4 is necessary to overcome the reluctance of the circuit. N w if the induction motor is considered running light and its losses supplied mechanically to the rotor shaft, the rotor will rotate at the speed of the magnetic field and ill cut no flux lines. The current supplied to the stator windings in this case is a quadrature or exciting current with the exception of a very small power component absorbed by the stator resistance. Again if still more torque is applied to the rotor shaft than is necessary to supply the losses, the rotor will be driven at a speed greater than that of the rotating magnetic field, causing the rotor to out flux lines in a direction opposite to that explained above. Currents are therefore induced in the rotor in the opposite direction, representing power supplied to the stator. The induction motor then acts as a generator. It is noted that in the foregoing discussion it -as assumed that the induction otor was connected to a polyphase power supply at all times. Obviously it is essential that the induction motor receive exciting current which will produce the rotating magnetic field. This exciting current is obtained in practice from a polyphase alternator or synchronous motor. 5 TESTS. The tests which follow were made on a Westinghouse Induction Motor, Type CW, with wound · rotor and variable external rotor resistance, rated at 10 h.p., 110 volts, three phase, 60 cycles, 56.6 amperes per terminal, 850 r.p.m. at full load. The induction motor was direct- connected to a 7.5 k.w. direct-current ma.chine which could be used either as a motor or as a generator. Two 7.5 k.w. synchronous machines direct-connected to direct-current machines were available. Since it was necessary in some of the tests to use municipal power with a frequency of 50 cycles, all the tests were run at 50 cycles to make the results uniform. Three methods were used to put the induction generator in operation on the line: 1. With the induction motor and one . of the synchro- nous machines connected together and the field synchronous machine excited, the synchronous machine wa.s slowly brought up to speed by means of the direct-current ma.chine directconnected to it. The induction motor came up to speed with the alternator. A torque tending to drive the in- duction motor in the same direction was applied slowly by means of the d-c motor direct-connected to the induction motor shaft, until the rotor speed was slightly greater than synchronous speed. The induction motor was then 6 acting as ·a generator. 2. With the alternator driven at synchronous speed but with low voltage, the induction motor was connected to it. After the induction motor was almost up to speed the voltage was raised to normal. dhen the induction motor was up to s~eed the torque was applied as before to increase the speed of the induction motor rotor above_ synchronism. 3. The induction motor and alternator were both brought up to exact speed by means of the d-c machines. Knowing, from previous operations, that the phases were correctly connected, the switches connecting the two machines together were alosed. If the speeds are cor- rect the power demand will be very little when the machines are connected together; the current flow in a large system, hov1ever, might be excessive rendering this method prohibitive. Any of the induction motor starting devices may oe used to bring the induction motor up to speed before applying power to the rotor shaft. EXCITATION TEST. In this test the induction generator supplied power to a synchronous motor running light and received its ex.citation from the synchronous motor. Starting with a 7 voltage above normal, the field current of the synchronous motor was reduced, thus reducing the voltage until the synchronous motor dropped out of step. Curve sheet #1 shows the relation between the terminal volts and the exciting currents required by the induction generator and synchronous motor . It is noted that the curves are of the same shape , showing that the excitation of an induction generator is not far different from that of a synchronous machine . Curve sheet #2 also shows that the power factor of the induction generator is practically constant fo r all voltages down to the point where the synchronous motor begins to drop out of step , as shown by the power current .· aurve on the same curve sheet. RELATION BETWEEN SPE~U Alm FRE~UENCY~ With the conditions the same as in the previous test , and the voltage held constant , the speed of the induction generator was varied and the frequency noted. Curve sheet l3 shows that the frequency depends directly on the speea. EFFECT OF nTCREASING THE ROTOR RESISTA1:1CE. With the induction generator driving the synchronous motor running light at constant frequency and voltage , the 8 • rotor resistance was varied and the speed noted. Then • a. constant load was ap plied to the synchronous motor by means of the d-c generator connected to it. fith the frequency and voltage constant. the rotor resistance was varied and readings taken as shown on the data sheet #2. Curve sheet #4 shows the effect of the rotor resistance on the speed of the induction generator at no load and full load. Curve sheet #5 shows the effect of the rotor resistance on the power input, torque. efficiency and speed rhen the induction generator is delivering a constant load. It is noted that the power input, torque and speed increase and the efficiency decreases with increase of rotor resistance. The increase in the rotor resistance demands a greater induced voltage in the -rotor. to produce the required rotor current. The increase in the rotor voltage is obtained by speeding up the ·r otor so that it cuts more flux. On the other hand, the increase in the resistance increases the I 2R losses, thus increasing the power-input and torque and reducing the efficiency. In this and the following tests the efficiency was taken as the ratio of the induction generator output to 9 input. (See ppendix for method of determining input.} EFFECT 0. NON-INDUCTIVE , LEADING AND LAGGI G LOADS. NON-IN"DUCT IVltJ L01- 1) . The induction generator furnished 01er to the synchronous motor running light and to a three-phase non-inductive load composed of an incandescent lamp bank ~ Readings of power and current were taken. in the three circuits as shown on data sheet #4 . LEA1)ll G .AJj 1) LAGGilm LO ns. To obtain leading and lagging -loads a second synchronous. motor was used . The first synchronou motor was allowed to flo ton the line . Its losses were supplied thru the d-c motor connected to it so that the current it supplied was all quadrature current . The second synchronous motor was loaded by means of .... the d- c generator connected to it , at practically constant power-factor , leading and lagging . Readings were taken as shown on data sheets # 5~6 It is well to note here that considerable difficulty was encountered in trying to keep conditions constant long enough to take readings . 10 Curve sheets #6 and #7 show that the total current and power factor is constant for a given load regardless of the kind of load. Curve B, curve sheet #8 , shows the variation of the induction generator exciting current for non-inductive, leading and lagging loads . Curve B also re11resents the quadrature current supplied by the synchronous motor when the induction generator is supplying a non-inductive load. Curves A and C, curve sheet #8 , show the variation of the synchronous motor quadrature cur rent for lagging and leading loads respectively . I n the case of the lagging load the synchronous motor sup11lied the lagging quadrature current required by the load in addition to that supplied to the induction generator . The leading load , however, supplied part of the induction generator exciting current , thus decreasing the amount supplied by the synchronous motor. The total current , power-factor and exciting current of the induction generator are always constant for a giv\ en load . From the equation , Power= Volts x mperes x Power-factor , it is readily seen that the input-output efficiency must also be constant for a given load . Curve sheet #9 plotted from the data obtained shows that , within the limit of error of the different tests , the efficiencies are the same for different types of loads . 11 C MPARISON OF THE OPIIB.ATION OF THE IlffiUCTION E:OTOR AND INDUCTION GENE Since it was impossible TOR. to get accurate slip meas- urements in the preceding load tests , another load test was made with the induction generator delivering power ~o the city mains . A load test was also made on the induction machine running as a motor , by loading the d-c machine connected to it as a generator . Curve sheet #10 shows the results of the two load tests . It is noted that the power-factor , current and efficiency for a given output were higher when the machine was operating as a motor than as a generator. 12 PPLI ATION O TRE I. DUCTION uOTOR CI CLE DIAGRA] TO THE I fDUCTION GE1 . . TOR . To construct the induction motor circle diagram three readings are necessary ; namely , the resistance of the stator 1indings at normal operating temperature , reading of current and power at normal voltage with the motor running idle , and readings of the current and power at normal voltage with the rotor blocked. Fol- lowing is the data necessary for the construction of the circle diagram for the Westinghouse 10 h.p . induction motor . Ru ing idle Locked. Rotor. Volts . 110. 110 Amps . :per terminal . 33 . 1 225 Watts 540 Power-factor 170 . 8 . 57 39 . 7 Stator resistance per phase= . 0332 ohms. Referring to figure 1 , the construction of the diagram is as follows : ssuming a base line O and with Oas an origin, the no-load and looked power-factor lines , OC and OL respectively , were laid off. Selecting a convenient scale, the no-load and locked rotor currents iere laid off on their respective lines locating points C and L With its center on the line OP , the current circle was 13 dra n thr uh pints C nd L. In the diagram t.u constructed C re resents the p ,er current necess ry to sup ly the lose at no-load, including he no-load 4 inda e , frict· and core loss. loses are assumed to be constant 1 ses for LP repre ents the total po~er current su losse 11 1 ads. lying the cop er of both rotor and stator , with rotor lock d. The stator copper loss ~ith locked rotor is 225 2 x . 0332 x 3 = 5040 atts , and the corresponding power com~onent of the current= __5_o_4_o__ = 26 . 5 ampere~ = MP. 1 . 73 X 110 t any load current such as 0a , ab represents the output , bd and df the rotor and stator copper l sses , he efficiency, power- and fg the const .nt losve . factor, current , output and slip are determined as foll i E ficiency = b ag Power-f ctor-= a a Current - 0 Slip = bd ad o~er output: ab x 1 . 73 x 110 , tts. Inasmuch as there is no abrupt change when the induction motor becomes a generat r, it is evident that the current circle of the induction motor diagr m 1hen continued belo the ba e line is the locus of the gen- 14 era.tor current. For a given generat~r current Oa' the rotor and stator copper losses are represented by g'd' and d'f' and the output by a' b', t ·he same as in the motor diagram; but the induction generator circle diagram does not include the losses in transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy in the rotor; that is the windage, friction and rotor core losses. f'b' therefore re- presents only the stator core loss. The power-factor, slip current and output are determined as follows: a'.P-' Po\;er-factor - ,;;,.....g__ a'O Slip= b'd' a'd' Current= Oa' Output= a'b' x 1.73 x 110 ~atts. The efficiency a'b' is however only the electrical a'g' efficiency. To obtain the true input-output efficiency, the windage, friction and rotor core losses must be added to the losses obtained from the circle diagram. The windaga and friction losses can be determined by test. The rotor core loss is small for .normal operation and may be neglected. It is noted from the diagram that the maximum output 15 of the induction generator is higher than that of the induction motor . • 16 he Induction Gener tor re uires citing current which varies slightly ·ri t is inde end nt of uadrature x- . the out ut but he power-factor of the lo d . The output of the induc t ion gene.raters de ends on the slip above synchronism . he po~er-f ctor at which the in uction operates is fixed by its sli nerator nd its constants , an not by th~ ch r ctr of the lo d . r lo ds huvin pover-f ctor different from th t of the generator , the synchr nous machine which s the exciti g current must le di or la gi lies lso sup ly the additio al component demanded by the load. The induction gener tor is free from huntin ad will not su Jly current on short circuit. The efficienc of the induction generator is lower than that of an alternator of the s mer ting. The input-output efficiency of the induction genertor is misle ding especially hen the power-f ctor o the lo dis different fr m th t of the induction generator. he r 2 loses in the synchronous machine due to the uadrature currents re uired should be reg red as the induction generator losse art of in determining tbe f~iciency, Te ideal field of the induction generator re uires 17 co dition f high o:er ut ad lo fre uency. actor, high speed, lar e out- ~he conditions are best suited in large stations , ·th ste turbine or high he d Nater 1heel drive . Te ide 1 operating condition is af orded when the induction gener tor is driven by an exh ust - uteam turbine rhich receives its steam from a reciproc tin engine direct-connected to an alternator. • n i nefficient , but important ield is oun in the ap lie tion of the induction generator in constant-speed braking of electric, induction-motor-driven locomotives. 18 1)ETERMI AT I N OF THE :,osSES OF THE D-C "'\[ACEil1E CONl\TECTED TO THE DfOUCTIOH '.MOTOR. The losses in a d-c dynamo are I 2R losses and stray power losses. The I 2R losses depend upon the armature and field currents ; the stray :povrer losses depend principally upon the speed and field current , the other factors . being too small to consider . To determine the I 2R losses the armature and field currents were measured separately so that the I 2R losses in the field need not be considered. The armature resistance was determined and a curve plotted {curve appendix) s~owing the relation between the watts loss and armature currents so that the losses at any current can be readily determined . By running the motor light at constant speed and varying the field current, the stray pov?er loss was determined for speeds of 800 and 760 r.p .m. Two curves (curve sheet B, appendix) were plotted showing the relation between the stray power loss and the field current at 800 and 760 r.plm . Between 800 and 760 r . p.m. values were easily estimated f er every 10 r.p.m . and the corresponding curves drawn . The stray power loss curve sheet only contains values for speeds between 80 760 r . p.m . and For speeds outside of this range see the acoo~panying data sheet . "Data Sheet EI?..; CT OF CT }"GING .OTOR RESIST :TC~. Induction Generator loaded. 110 . volts 50 cycles. Induction Generator. Amps ·. Total 1Vatts. Rotor resist. per ower factor. ~fficiency. Torque ft.lbs. phase . 44.6 4550. . 0824 53.6 79.5 51.2 44. 4385. .1745 52.4 76.5 50.2 44. 4355. .2625 52. 73 • 4 51.7 44. 4360. . 3405 52 . 71. 52.85 44. 43~0. .4215 52. 68.5 54.7 44. 4350. .5645 52. 63.9 59.4 44. 4350. . 7725 52 . 58.1 66. 44. 4350. . 9475 52 . 53.3 72.3 3. T) TIO T . EN S E.c:D FD D ... U t C • chronous . . Iotor running light. 110 volts. RE Fre uency. cycles. Speed. r . p . m. 45. 5 690 . 47 . 75 720. 60. 760. 53 . 25 805. 55 . 25 840. 58. 885. 62 . 947. 66. 1000. I ~ s. . n ...:.i ... ro ROT ~E IST 1·cE. Synchronous Lotor running light. 110 volts 50 cycles. Rotor resistance per phase. ohms. Speed. r . p.m. • 0824 760 . • 1745 765 . • 2625 773 . • 3405 782 . . 4215 787 . . 5645 80 • . 7725 810 . . 9475 835 . Sheet 2 'Data Sheet #lB. INDUCTION GENERATOR EXCITATION (cont). Synchronous motor running light. 50 cycles. Power factor. Power Current. Exciting Current. 12.4 5.5 44 . 2 11.95 4.5 37.7 ll . 65 3.9 33.5 11.84 3.5 29.5 11 . 88 3.l 26.l 12 . 3 2. a 22 . 8 12 . 53 2. 5 20 . 1 13.37 2. 4 17.5 14 . 75 2. 3 15.l 16. 2. 2 13 . 3 19 . 2.1 10.8 27. 2. 2 8 . 05 41.7 2. 9 6 . 27 49 . 3 2.9 5.13 at Synchronous motor Sheet /1.A. running light. 50 cycles. Synchronous motor field current. Volts. 6.18 127.5 44.5 5.4 117. 4 ·. 97 Watts. Total . atts. Watts . 3460. 2246. 1214. 38. 2680. 1760. 920. 110. 33.8 2230. 1480. 750. 4.4 101. 29.7 1810. 1195. 616. 4. 93.3 26.3 1480. 975. 505. 3.55 84. 23. 1180. 773. 410. 3.15 75. 20.3 93. 600. 330. 2.8 66. 17.7 730. 457. 270. 2.37 56.3 16.3 543. 3_2 2. 220. 2. 49.5 13.5 420. 235. 185. l.63 40. 11. 285. 140. 145. 1.2 29.5 8.35 180. 65. 115. 1. 23.l 6.9 130. 25. 115. .7 15.9 5.9 90. 10. 80. Amperes. + "Data Sheet #3B. Ed~]"'ECT 0~ CHANGING ROTOR RESISTANCE (cont.) Induction Generator loaded. 110 volts 50 cycles. "Driving Motor. Volts. Armature current. Field current. Losses. watts. Watts Output. Speed. r.p.m. 116. 53.5 1.86 603. 5607. 770. 115. 55.3 1.66 626. 5734. 804. 115. 57.5 1.54 643. 5967. 830. 115. 59.2 1.46 669. 6141. 860. 115. 61.3 1.4 699. 6351. 890. 114.3 66.3 1 .2 771. 6809. 942. 114. 73.5 1.03 888. 7487. 1026. 114. 82.6 •9 1253 . 8162. 1110. 'Data Sheet #4. EFFECT OF I: ON- INDUCT IVE, LE...4.UH,.G ... ND L.AGGH G LOA'DS. Non-Inductive load. 110 volts Non-Inductive load. Total 50 cycles. Synchronous Total Motor. Quad- 7/atts Watts Watts Watts Current rature Current. 116. 120. 236. 960. 35.3 34.8 306. 228. 634. 970. 35.5 36.l 460. 460. 920. 1000. 36. 36.6 . 683. 692 . 1375. 1000. 36.2 36 . 8 915. 920. 1835. 1000. 36 . 8 36.4 1160. 1146. 2296. 1020. 37. 36.5 1380. 1380. 2760. 1050. 38. 37.5 1600. 1610. 3210. 1100. 38.5 38 . 1826. 1840. 3666. 1120. 39.4 38.9 -2060. 2074. 4134. 1150. 40.2 39.7 2280. 2290. 4570. · 1120. 41. 40.5 2500. 2514. 5014. 1250. 42.l 41 . 6 2726. 2730. 5456. 1300. 43. 42.5 1) EFFECT F O ... _ IlrDUCTIVE, LEAUING ND T GGI ta S eet L ns. (cont. . ~on-I ductive load. 110 volts 50 cycles. Inductio Generator. 4B. Total atts. mps. ... ower factor. Effieiency. Exciting current. 1230. 35.2 18.4 66.7 34.6 1540. 36. 22.5 71. 35.l 1970. 37. 28. 75. 35.5 244. 37.6 34.1 77.8 3 .3 60. 39.1 39.8 80.3 35.9 3360. 40.5 43.6 79.5 36.4 3872. 42.l 48.3 81.l 36. 43 o. 44. 51.5 80.4 38. 4836. 46. 55.l 80.3 38.4 5380. 48.2 58.7 81.5 40.7 5880. 50.2 61.6 81.5 42.1 6420. 53. 63.6 80.8 40.9 6840. 55.2 65.1 78.4 41. Uata Sheet #4C. EF.ilECT OF NOl\f-IlfDUCTIVE, LEADilfG ... ND LAGGING LOAUS (cont) Non-Inductive load. 110 volts 50 cycles. Uriving Motor. Volts Armature current. Field current. Armature input watts. Losses. watts. Output. watts. 113. 19.5 2.07 2200. 357. 1843. 112.7 22.5 2.05 2535. 365. 2170. 111.7 27. 2. 3020. 387. 2633. 111.5 31.7 1.9 3540. 406. 3134. 111.4 37. 1.86 4125. 438. 3687. 111. 42.3 1.81 4700. 478. 4222. 111. 48. 1.77 5330. 533. 4767. 110.3 54. 1.73 5960. 591. 5369. 110. 60.8 1.68 6690. 674. 6016. 109.7 67. 1.66 7350. 756. 6595 . 109. 74. 1.65 8070. 863. 7207. 108. 83. 1.63 8960. 1013. 7947. 107.5 92. 1.58 9900 . 1180. 8720. 1) fil .c..Ai -L. ..d CT V.!:J, e 11 D in volts 1 G L t Sheet ,5. S (uo t.) ..... d. 50 cycles. Inductive load. tbs. Total vat ts. factor. Synchr nous m tor uadrature curro t . 44 . 210. 650 . 8 •4 32 6. 4 68. 320. 1000. 82. 31.5 9.3 100 . 450. 1450. 82. 30. 12. 1250 . 580. 1830 . 80 . 28. 15 . 1640. 760. 240 . 84 . 1 27.5 18. 1980. 9 2880. 84 . 27 . 21. 228. 11 338. 84 . 6 26.5 23.4 252. 1170. 36 82.9 25. 27 . 8 30 . 140. 440. '83. 2 • 3 .7 3320. 1580. 4 0 . 84 . 25 . 35. 380. 17 o. 5590 . 83 , 23 . 5 38 , 2 4140. 1 5 . 6 o. 83 .7 3.5 mps. atts. 4. 2 1 • . wer Data S eet EJ J.:ICT 1 5B. F 1 ON-nrnucmrvE , L~A"DBG A TD LAGGING LOAl)S (co·n t.) Leading load . llO volts 50 cycles . Induction Generator. Powe r factor . Effic iency Exciting current . . 34 . 3 14 . 9 6,1 . 4 33 . 9 1300 . 35 . 19 . 5 66 . 7 34 . 3 1790 . 36 . 26 . 2 72 .8 34 . 7 2280 . 36 . 5 32 . 9 79 . 4 34 . 5 280 • 38 . 6 38 . l 80 . 2 35 . 6 3170 . 39 . 6 42 . 1 78 . l 35 . 9 3710 . 41 . 4 47 . 1 79 . 36 . 6 4070. 42 . 5 6 .3 79 . 8 36 . 7 4840. 45 . 5 55 . 9 79 . 7 37 . 7 5360. 48 . 5 58.1 79 . 8 40 . 6080 . 51 . 5 62 . 0 7 . 89 37 . 2 6680. 54 . 5 64 . 5 77 . 8 41 . 7 Total watts . Am:ps . 970. 1)ata. Sheet #50 . EFFECT OF NOE-INDUCTIVE , LEAUING A1TI LAGGING LOADS (cont.) Leading Load . 110 volts 50 cycles. "Driving Motor . Volts . rmature current . Field current . Armature ·input . watts. Losses watts . Output. 116 . 16 .7 2. 2 1939 . 360 . 1579 . 115 . 5 20 . 1 2. 2 2320 . 370 . 1950. 115. 16 . 2.2 1840 . 360 . 1480 . ,. watt 114 . 25 . 2.1 2850. 390 . 2460 . 114 . 28 . 7 2. 3270 . 400. 287 • 113. 34 . 7 1.9 3920 . 430 . 3490. 113. 40. 1 . 85 4520 . 460. 4060. 113 . 5 46 . 1 . 85 5220 . 520 . 4200 . 114 . 49 . 5 1 . 85 5650. 550. 5100 . 113. 59 . 5 1 . 77 6730 . 660. 6070 . 112 . 3 66 . 5 1 . 71 7460 . 750. 6710. 112. 77 . 1 . 65 8620. 910. 7710 . 110 . 88 . 1 . 55 9690 . 110 . 8590. • 'Oat Sheet r, 6 • EFFECT OF I~ N-HrDUCTIVE' LEAUIFG A.lfD LAGGnm LO.AUS (cont.) Lagging load. 110 volts 50 cycles. Inductive load Total watts. Power factor. Synchronous motor quadrature current. 360. 520. 68.3 36.5 340. 820. 1160. 78. 39. 11.7 560. 1270. 1830. 82.2 42.05 16. 780. 1750. 2530. 83. 45.4 19.7 920. 2120. 3040. 81. 48. 23.l 1120. 2520. 3640. 82.9 51.4 26.3 1268. 2820. 4088. 81.9 53.6 29 . 3 1400. 3144. 4544. 81.5 56.4 32.5 1520. 350. 5020. 81.1 60. 35.7 1640. 3860. 550. 81. 63.5 :nps. Watts. Watts. + + 4. 160. 7.8 Uata Sheet ur ~ GGI G ADS (co t. ) L gging 1 ad. 110 uolts 50 cycles. Induction Gener tor. Total tts. Amps. Power factor. 860. 35. 12.9 6 151 • 3 .6 2240. Ef.Liciency Excitin current. . 34.7 22.. 3 6 .2 4.7 37.3 31 .55 75.5 35.4 2990. 39.3 40. 77. 36. 3570. 41. 45.8 79. 36.4 422 • 44. 50.9 7 .5 s. 47 • 45.7 4. 78.6 38.5 531 • 48.4 57.7 79. 39.5 588 • 51. 60.6 78.3 40.6 650 • 54. 63. 76.8 43. I • 6B. "Data Sheet :i l. ~ -It TIUCTIV La , . DEG ing 1 0 110 volts 60. ~ro j GGI G L DS (cont.). d. 50 cycles. Uri vi g ]. otor. Volts r ature current. Field current. rm ture input watts. Loses. w tts. Output. w tts. 111.5 16. 2.08 1783. 347. 1436. 111. 2.3. --.; . 2550. 368. 2182. 110.6 30.4 1.87 336 • 3 6. 2964. 110 . 3 .5 1.81 4350. . 456 . 3894. 110. 45.6 1.8 5020. 506. 4514. 110. 53 .6 1.75 5900. 593~ 5307. 109. 61. 1.65 6650. 673. 5977. 108.5 69. 1.61 750. 780. 6720. 108. 78. 1.56 8420, 915. 7505. 107.5 89. 1.49 9570. 1110. 8460. ? l) t heet -rr7 • fl INUUCTIO 11 Gt R ~ R LOUT volts T. 50.5 cycles. Inductio Generator. ,I ms. iatts. . atts. + Tot 1 atts. output. Po er factor. Ef ciencl7'. 32.7 1670. 2180. 510. 8.2 44.2 3 .5 1280. 2560. 1280 . 2 .1 6 .5 34.7 1040. 288 . 27. . 9 71.5 36. 760. 3240. 2480. 36.2 75.9 37.6 60. 3540. 304 • 42.5 76.6 3 • 280. 3820. 354 • 47.7 77. 4 •4 20 . 4160. 414 52.5 77.8 46. 45 48 o. 529 • 60.4 78.6 48.9 720. 5 40. 5 6 • 64. 78. 52. 60. 560 • 6560. 66.2 76. 53.5 110. 5840. 6940. 68.1 75.l everse. . 184 . ... Data heet #7E. I rnUCTION GErlERAT R LOA"O T:ZST (cont.) 110 volts 50.5 cycles. Induction Generator (cont.) Tor· ue Slip r.p.m. Speed r.p.m. %Slip. 10.7 5. 765. .6 18.1 9. 769. • 1 .2 24.8 12. 772. 1.6 30.2 13. 773. 1.7 36.3 19. 779. • 2.5 42. 21. 781. 2.8 48.3 24. 784. 3.2 60.8 30. 790. 4.1 68.5 34. 794. 4.5 77.2 37. 797. 5. 'Dat I· U IO Sheet 70. UT ST (cont.) G..!. 110 v lts 5 .5 cycles. "Driving otor. Volts. rm ture current. Field current. rmature input. watts. Lossa watts. Out ut. watts. 113 . 13.l 2.1 1487. 335. 1152. . 1 5. 20.4 1.97 23 5. 349. 1 56. 113.5 26. 1.95 2950. 373. 2577. 113. 32.6 1.89 3680. 41 • 3270. 113. 39.2 1.84 443 • 46 • 3 7 • 113. 45.2 1.8 51 o. 511. 46 113. 52.2 1.75 5900. 58 • 5320. 113. 66.3 1.67 7490. 76. 674 • 1 2.7 76.9 . 63 856 . 91 • 7641. l 2. 86. 1.57 730. l 84. 8646. 11.6 93 .6 1.44 10440. 120. 9240. • . "Data Sheet #8. INDUCTIO MOTOR LOAU TEST. 110 volts. 50.5 cycles. Induction Motor. ~atts. Total +- watts .790 2.790 .45 m:ps. ower factor. 2.000 34.2 30.7 3.160 2.710 35.5 40.l .114 3.520 3.410 37.2 48.1 ~260 3.920 4.180 39.4 55.7 .652 4.352 4.904 42.6 60.5 .640 4.520 5.160 43.6 62.2 .960 4.920 5.880 46.5 66.4 1.250 5.280 6.530 49.3 69.6 1.560 · 5. 700 7.260 52.6 72.6 1.650 5.828 7.480 53.6 73.4 1.948 6.20 8.160 57.6 74.4 2.130 6.440 8.570 6 • 76. 2.480 6 .970 9.460 64.5 77, Watts. t input. I , ' IJ Reverse. 'Data Sheet /8:S. Il\fDUCT ION ;[OTOR .LOAU T_cjST (cont. ) I 110 volts 50.5 cycles. Induction Motor (cont.) Effieiency. Torque ft.x lbs. Slip Speed r. p . m. %Slip. 71.5 13.4 10.7 749. 1.4 77.4 19.8 14.3 746. 1.9 .so. 25 . 8 17.9 742 . 2 .4 81. 32.3 22.2 738. 2.9 81.6 38.3 24.7 735. 3.3 82.1 40.7 26.9 733. 3.5 82.2 46.7 30. 730. 4. 82.l 51.9 33.4 727. 4.4 a2:1 58.3 38.7 721. 5.1 81.3 59.5 40. 720. 5.2 81.4 65.3 45.l 715. 5.9 81. ' 68.7 48. 712. 6.3 79.6 75. 54.5 706. 7.1 'Data Sheet #SC. IlIUUCTI0N ~0T0R 110 volts L0AU TEST (cont.) 50.5 cycles. Generator. Volts. Armature current. Armature output watts. :Motor Gen. output field. watts. Losses. watts. 110. 9.8 1078. 1429. 2.4 351. 109. 15.9 1730. 2094. 2 .4 364. 108. 21.7 2340. 2722. 2.4 382. 106.3 28. 2980. 3390. 2.4 410. 106.5 33.3 3550. 4007. 2.57 457. 110. 34.2 3760. 4241. 2.8 481. 107.5 40.2 4320. 4846. 2.77 626. 105. 45.7 4800. 5357. 2.7 557. 103. 52. 5350. 5968. 2.68 618. 101.5 53.7 5450. 6081. 2.6 631. 98.2 60.3 5920. 6625. 2.6 705. 97. 64. 6200. 6952. 2.6 752. 94. 71. 6680. 7527. 2.6 847. Appendix. STRA POWER LOS OF URIVI1iG 'D ta Sheet #1 MOTOR. Field Speed Armature volts rmature amps. Stray Power Watts. l.86 770. 104.5 2.9 303. 1.66 804. 104.5 2.9 303. 1.54 830. 104. 2.87 298. 1.46 860. 104.2 2.9 302. 1.4 • 890. 104.8 2.9 304. 1.2 942. 102.5 3. 308. 1.03 1025. 101. 3.15 318. .9 , 1110. 99.4 3.3 326. 1. 760. 74. 2.9 215. 1.05 760. 75. 2.84 213. 1.1 760. :77. 2.8 216. 1.2 760. 81.5 2.8 228. 1.3 • 760. 84.5 2.8 237. 1.4 760. 88.3 2.75 243. 1.5 760. 92.7 2.8 260. 1.6 760. , 9i:3 2.8 270. 1.7 760. 99. 2.8 277. 1.8 760. 102. 2.8 286. 1.9 760. 105. 2.86 300. 2. 760. 107. 2.9 310. 2.t 760. 109. 2.92 318. . ) . Appendix. Uta Sheet, 2. STRAY Field. ?O~iER Speed. . DRIVI rmature volts. r •• ~110T0R • rmature amps. Stray Power Watts. 2.2 760. 112.5 2.97 334. 2.3 760. 114. 3. 342. 2 .4 . 760. 116. 3 .02 350. 2.6 760. 119. 3.15 375. 2.4 800. 122. 3.17 387. 2.2 800. 119 . 5 3.05 364. 2. 800. 114.5 2.95 348. 1.9 800. 112.5 2.95 332. 1.8 800. 110. 2.9 319. 1.7 800. 107.5 2.87 308. 1.6 800 . 105. 2.85 299. 1.5 800. 101.5 2.8 284. 1.4 80 • 97.5 2.8 273. 1.3 800. 94. 2.8 263. 1.2 800. 89.7 2.8 251. 1.1 80 . 85. 2.8 238. l. 800. 79.3 2.8 222. 2 .4 749. 113. 3.1 341. 2.4 746. 113. 2.98 337. 2.4 742. 113. 2.94 332 . 2.4 738. 112.5 2.94 330. 2.57 735. 113. 3.02 343. ppendix. "Data Sheet #3. TRAY PO.l LOSv OF TI IVI:i: G ~:OT • Field. s eed. Ar ature volts. Armature amps. Stray Power ·atts. 2.8 733. 112. 3.22 361. 2.77 730. 112. 3 .18 356. 2.7 727. 111. 3.12 347. 2.68 721. 112. 3.02 338. 2.6 720. 112. 2.96 331. 2.6 715. 1.1 2. 2.91 325 . 2.6 712. ·113. 2.85 322. 2.6 706. 113. 2.81 317. Armature losses being less than .3%, were neglected.