The Design of a Household Food Mixer Citation Heidt, Herman (1947) The Design of a Household Food Mixer. Master's thesis, California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/4ngh-h587. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04302025-205127399 Abstract No abstract. Item Type: Thesis (Master's thesis) Subject Keywords: (Industrial Design) Degree Grantor: California Institute of Technology Division: Engineering and Applied Science Major Option: Engineering Thesis Availability: Public (worldwide access) Research Advisor(s): Unknown, Unknown Thesis Committee: Unknown, Unknown Defense Date: 1 January 1947 Record Number: CaltechTHESIS:04302025-205127399 Persistent URL: https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04302025-205127399 DOI: 10.7907/4ngh-h587 Default Usage Policy: No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided. ID Code: 17187 Collection: CaltechTHESIS Deposited By: Benjamin Perez Deposited On: 01 May 2025 17:19 Last Modified: 01 May 2025 17:20 Thesis Files PDF - Final Version See Usage Policy. 24MB Repository Staff Only: item control page

a f o o d mi x e r d e s i g n ........................................... HERMAN , HE I D T TH E D E SIGN OF A HOUSEHOLD FOOD MIXER THESIS BY--------------------------------------------------HERMAJ.'l" HEIDT In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the professional degree of Industrial Designer, California Institute of Technology, fasadena, <Ja..lifornia ................................................... 1 9 4 7 ' TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE Sunnnary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 5 Market ana lye is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Product research ...........................• 17 Consumer research ................... . .....•• 26 Des igt) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• )4 Solution ................................... . 54 Engineering .... .......................... • •• 59 Juicing and acceseories •............•....... 75 Operation ...... ............................. 77 Appendix ..................•................. a - 1 - LIST OF ILllJSTRAT IOl.1JS ILLUSTRATION PAGE Display assembly ........................ Frontispiece Sa.lea-time graph .............................. 10 Conventional type design ..........•........... 38 Portable design•••••·•••••••··•••·•••••·••···•4o Flexible shaft design .•••.......•............. 42 Folding unit .•••..•...••.•••••....•.•..••..•.• 44 Mixer on the bowl design•••••••••••••••••• ~•••46 Combination type design .•••................... 48 The mixer parts •••..••.••••..•..•..•...•..•..• 55 Cut-away view of mixer aesembly ............... 60 Engineering drawing M-1 .........•........•.... 62 Engineerin g drawing M-2 ....................... 65 Engineering dre.wing B-1 ••.•.................•• 66 Gear transmieeion---Exploded view ............. 69 Speed control---Schematic view ....•........... 72 Bowl clip---Exploded view ..................... 74 Design and operational f eatures ............... 80 - 2 - SUMMARY A HOUSEHOLD FOOD MIXER design has been created and developed for a mass market. A market analysis was conducted to ascertain controlling market factors for design consideration. It indicated that the foodmixer industry is highly competitive and composed of high caliber firms. Successful ec- onomics of the industry demands a mass production policy. The estimated national retail mixer sales for the period beginning July, 1947, and end- A ing July, 1948, is 2,000,000 mixers at a retail value of $60,000,000. product research was conducted to define the function of a household food mixer and to evaluate competitive mixer design features. It indicated that the motor design, the speed control system, and the gear transmission, are the determining factors in establishing a desired retail selling price. A consumer research evaluated the housewife 1 s wants in a food mixer. These points were tabulated and studied with the findings of the market analysis and the product research to establish the primary design considerations for the solution. The DESIGN SOLUTION has been directed toward the 90 percent of the potential market desiring an all-purpose mixer. It consists of a mixing unit with an integral mechanical bowl clip, one large size mixing bowl with cover, a two-blade mixer, and a disc-type whipper. With these four basic parts any kitchen mixing, whippin g, or stirring job can be done easily and efficiently. Since a bowl is necessary to hol d the in gredients, there are only two parts involved in any operation: the mixing unit and a beater. There is no heavy stand to arrange, clean, or put away. The mechanical bowl clip is designed to offer secure mounting on any metal bowl or pan in the kitchen. Provision for parking the mixer on its heel is featured to make the unit readily accessible and encourage more frequent usage. - 3 - SlJ.MtJ.ARY A specially designed planetary mixing action, plus pitched beater blades, gives completely automatic mixin g and bowl scraping in the featured stainless steel mixing bowl. By providing a copper-plated bottom, and a cover, the bowl is available for any other cooking task as well as mixing. Ef- ficient whipping and stirring is achieved in various depth bowls with the new adjustable length whipper. Rapid identification on the sales floor, or in the kitchen, is realized by the absence of the conventional stand and the protruding, chromium-plated transmission cover. The design is readily applicable to the characteristic sub-contractin g production proceedures used in the food mixer industry. The rich color scheme in white, grey, and chromium, gives fresh consumer appeal. The ov er-all appearance of the design suggests efficient food handling. Its adaptability to new cookin g tasks is a lon g step toward definition as a necessity type item. Therefore, it justifies $50 of the housewife's operating budget. - 4 - · INTRODUCTION PROBLEM The problem is the design of the basic mixing unit of a household food mixer for mass consumption. A juice extractor and the various other ac- cessories offer separate distinctive problems. They will only be develop- ed in as much as they affect the basic unit. APPROACH The investigation began with an extensive market analysis to establish the domestic food mixer market condition. Knowing the market condition, a product research was conducted to establish the function of a mixer; to analyze existing brands; and to evaluate new technical developments in materials and processes. Simultaneously, a compilation of consumer wants in a food mixer was developed through consumer research. At this point, a careful stud y of research data ascertained distinctive trends in mixer production and marketing. The research findings were applied in numerous design suggestions. These suggestions were carefully eval- uated to evolve a best design. This selected design was then developed, and a practical production and marketing policy drafted. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the faculty memb ers of the Industrial Design department for their guidance and consultation; and to my fellow graduate associates for their continual help and criticism. I express sincere thanks for the expert advice and willing cooperation received from the numerous members of the food mixer industry, manufacturing ma nagements, and res earch departments. - 5 - MARKE:!' ANALYSIS SUBJECT PAGE Approach....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Product and services ............•............. 7 !~ar kets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Marketing policies and methods ................ 10 Oompetition ••••••....•.•..••.•.•.••.•••.••••.. 11 Sales promotion .••..•••••..••.•...••.•••••...• 12 Sales performance ...........••....•.•....•.... 1; Distribution channels ........................• 14 Estimated 1947-1948 market condition .......... 15 - 6 - MARKEI' ANALYSIS APPROACH To effectively analyze the market for household food mixers, the market research was divided into the following categories: ' product and services markets marketing policies and methods competition sales promotion sales performance distribution channels Fach of these seven research categories will be discussed seperately in this report and followed by a quick-reference resume of the estimated 1947-1948 market condition. PRODUCT AND SERVICES The electrical food mixer for household use was introduced in the early thirties. It was a development of industrial food mixing apparatus and introduced by the manufacturers of industrial equipment. tance was favorable. Public accep- However, the function of the food mixer at that time did not justify $20 of the household operating budget. the mixer was promoted as a gift item. Therefore, To establish a market trend toward a necessity type item, the design was stren ghened through the appeal of accessories. These accessories lessened the importance of the numerous menial tasks of the kitchen. The accessories have not yet been favorably accepted in their entirety. The mixer is manufactured on an assembly line basis. Usually a number of the various parts are obtained from other sources of sup ply than the manufacturers plant. These items are usually die castin gs, stampings, rubber cords, governors, and plastic handles made in accordance with the manufacturers specifications. - 7 - MARK:&."T ANALYSIS The manufacturer offers repair services. Repair stations are located at key distribution centers. Most existing models have been designed by an industrial designer. MARKETS The economics of the food mixer industry demands a mass production policy. This means national distribution to get proper sales volume. All mixers on the market today are distributed nationally, and some are exported in .moderate quantity. However, in the following d iscuesion the Southern California area will be used as a sample market area and estimates developed to use as a check point. The national potential market today as shown by the Electrical Merchandisin g survey 1 is 40,015,000 consumers. This figure is based upon the total number of electrically wired homes of 31,015,000, and an estimated 9,000,000 families doubling, or living in apartments or hotels, who have access to electrical services. A survey by the Curtiss Publishing Oompany 2 shows that only 31.4 percent of this potential market has been reached. The survey also shows that 14.7 percent of the 40,015,000 American families intend to buy food mixers at an average price of $25 within two years after the time postwar models become available. Of these purchases 10.9 percent will be for replacements and the other 89.1 percent will be new customers. These figures reflect the extent of pent-up demand created by the war and should be used with caution for 1948 volume estimates. The potential market for the Southern California area is shown by the Electrical Merchandising survey 1 as 6)0,000 customers. Since the average life of a food mixer is 8 years,-' it is evident that the -----------------------------.-----------------------------------------------1. See bibliography in appendix - 8 - MARKEI' A."l'fALYS IS replacement market will be relatively small for some time, and sales effort will be directed to the larger volume of new customers. As shown by the Scripps-Howard Newspapers 1;5-city survey, 4 34.9 percent of the highest income group owned mixers as compared to 9.9 percent of the low income group. These figures indicate that retail outlets should be most accessible to regions of medium and high income families. Using Southern California as a sample case the best potential markets would be in the following areas :5 Pasadena San Marino Beverly Hills West Los Angeles Hollywood Santa Monica Long Beach Alhambra Glendale Burbank From a study of regional consumer markets by the Office of Business Economics of the Department of Commerce, 6 1946, the best improved postwar areas are the Western and Southern states. This improvement is a direct reflection of increased income per-capita since 1939. The significance of the improved mass market condition in the South, is that the area is now a potential market for small electrical appliances such as the food mixer. Electrica l power developments, such as the TVA, ha ve further de- veloped the market by supplying power to 50 percent of all families7 in that area. A higher population coupled with higher per-capita income of the West makes it the most attractive marketin g region in the United States. Further information about ment of Commerce, 8 11 high-selling 11 areas is available through the Depart- Curtiss Publishing Company, 2 and Scripps-Howard Newspapers. Consumer demand at home has prevented development of foreign markets. In most foreign countries, markets will be problematical throughout 1947 and 1948, as a result of wartime activities. are in Canada and South America. - 9 - However, best potentialities 4 MARKET ANALYSIS The market today ie a ga in a sellers market. given away. The availability appeal bas The pent-up demand created by the war is well worn down. Y.ARKET ING POLICIES AND :METHODS A ea lee-time graph for the household food mixer industry is sho'im below. introduction (educate the consumer) I market saturation I I (stiff competition)! saturated market (replacements I I I I I I mixer i~dustry is at this point today I I '(EAR Fig. 1 The in dustry is be gin n ing the second pha s e of development. The drive to saturate the market compris e s lar ge scale advertisin g a nd extensive sales campaigns. The market is favorable t·or newcomers, but any new producer should be equipped to meet the stiff sales promotional campaigns of competitors. An analysis of marketing policies existing producers use, shows a defi n ite trend toward a more complete line. Thie ie accomplished by intro- ducing a new design as a deluxe model while selling the previous design as a standard model. Thia policy a mortizes tooling and die costs while the design is sold as a deluxe. In this manner, a standard model at a sub- stantially reduced price reaches a lar ge volume of economy buyers. The 11 fair trade 11 policy is used by all mixer manufacturers today. This policy of a fixed retail price is particularly advantageous to food mixer - 10 - MA.RIC&,"'!' AN'ALYS IS distribution. First, it provides an excellent coverage of an area through access to different types of distributors; from hardware to jewelry. ond, it provides more directed advertising for the dealer. Sec- A third ad- vantage is an assurance of a fixed profit per sale to the dealer. However, the manufacturer 1 s 11 fair trade 11 policy should be flexible enough to accommodate any dealer who cannot accomplish complete sale of an order. The trend in sales policies is to sell the food mixer with a juice ex~ tractor as a single unit. Thia policy encourages sale of accessories since it permits the dealer to work up a deal with as many attachments as he desires. COMPETITION Competition is keen in the food mixer market. The economy and 11 know- how 11 required to successfully produce a mixer have limited the field to high caliber firms. A composite directory of manufacturers is included in the appendix. The percentage of the market held by leading manufacturers has been estimated from brand popularity. The estimates are based on the findings of Scripps-Howard Newspapers, 4 Curtiss Urban Housing Survey,, Industrial Design Associates, 9 and the author. The listing below gives the five most popular brands with estimated percentage of market volume. %OF ?J.ARKET BRA.!.'IJD NAME Sunbeam "Mixmaster 11 Ha.mil ton Beach General Electric Dormeyer Hobart "Kitchen Aid 11 ,0 18 12 11 9 The geographic location of the manufacturer is only important insofar as it expedites build-up through local outlets at the time the manufacturer - 11 - MARKEi' ANALYSIS begins business. market area. In this regard the location should be in a greater city These markets can be studied at length from surveys by the Department of Commerce. 8 SALES PROMor ION All existing brands are advertised nationally by the manufacturer. The following magazine listing is favored to reach the housewife: Good Housekeeping Farm Journal The American Home Country Gentleman McOalls 1 House Beautiful Womans Home Companion Ladies Home Journal Parents I Magazine Saturday Evening Post Colliers 1 Better Homes and Gardens Woman 1 s Day To gain distributors and dealers advertising is through such trade journals as Electrical Merchandising. Advertising services for the dealer include window and counter displays, newspaper mats, and banners for window, counter, or wall. Good will established through advertising of a carefully selected brand name has proven very effective. An example is Sunbeam 11Mixmaster 11 • The name 11Mixmaster 11 ma been developed through good advertising to the extent that 50 percent of housewives refer to a food mixer as a 11 mixmaster 11 • There is a decided trend to offer a suggestive book of recipes with proper usage of the particular mixer. This jesture, of doing something in behalf of the housewife without charge, is well received and adds to the sales features desired by the dealer. Accompanying the book of recipes is the endorsement of a popular name home economist to build prestige. Occasional feature art i cles by the home economist in the previously mentioned home magazines carry much good will. - 12 - MA.RKEI' ANALYSIS Frequent demonstrations by responsible home economists are sponsored by the manufacturer to extend usage of the unit. This educational activity is expensive., but delivers the best results toward reduction to a necessity type item. The design features promoted on the sales floor should be directed to a particular income group. From consumer survey., it is evident that the ardent cook., usually of the middle income group., desires a rugged., more powerful design. A definite contrast is the 11 keep-up-with-the-Jonee 11 housewife who .desires the latest in aesthetic quality and attachment inovations. She normally buys through a more exclusive dealership. It is quite evident that the overwhelming majority of buyers are women. Salee promotional eff'orts should be directed to favor her interests. SALES PERFOR.i\1Ai.~OE Fig. 2 below summarizes the last twelve years of national mixer sales in number and dollar value per year. NO. SOLD REI'AIL VALUE $ 6.,125.,000 350.,000 7.,100.,000 413.,753 8.,449.,000 447,748 --- not available-------- 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 194o 1941 1942 1945 1946 Note: l 11 II 400,000 7.,000.,000 460,000 10.,120,000 510,000 11.,220.,000 ,06.,000 6.,732.,000 --- not available-------1,500,000 47.,265.,000 There was no production during the war years 1943 & 1944. Fig. 2 Despite the rapidly growin g acceptance after its introduction., the mixer rema ined a luxury item. The moderate regressions during 1937 and 1938 are - 13 - MARKET ANALYSIS a positive reflection of the affect of consumer income. A comparison of mixer sales at retail value, 1 and individual disposable income, 10 shows the mixer sales as an exaggerated effect of disposable income. This correlation affords a good check point in estimating the volume for the coming year. The average retail price of the mixer has increased steadily from $17.50 at the time of its introduction, to a present average price of $32.00. This retail price of $32.00 is partly the result of mechanical developments such a.s the speed control, and partly to rise in cost of labor and materials. Retail selling price is at a peak today. Since the average family spends 14½ percent of its income for household operation, the existing price of $32.00 seems quite favorable. A lar ge percentage of the market is still the gift market. The seasonal sales peaks during the Christmas holiday season and June are a reflection of these gift sales. 11 Gift sales importance indicates the need for higher performing, more functional design. Interviews with distributors and dealers defined the following design features as the best points of sale: wide speed control with full power high power new mechanical features simplicity of usa ge good brand name improved mixing system attractive appearance DISTRIBUTION CHANNE1S The distribution channel showing the most success for food mixers is from factory, to sales representative, to distributor, to dealer, and - 14 - MARKET ANALYSIS then to the consumer. This system is costly, but insures the necessary volume, thereby realizing economy. A more direct scheme from factory to dealer is necessary when a manufacturer begins business in a key trading area. However, in this instance, care should be taken to have available the services of distributors when planning market expansion beyond this local area. Dealer outlets are through hardware stores, appliance, jewelry, electrical, and department stores. The largest volume of sales is through appliance and jewelry stores. Mail order houses carry their own brand of food mixer. of the market they sell is low. The percentage The apparent reason is that mail order houses cannot offer the good will established by old brands. Further- more, they experience difficulty in selling below these existing brands. Food mixers are shipped as s econd class frei ght. per pound. Shipping rates are They are packaged in individual cartons, and any size order is pa.eked as needed. ESTW.ATED 1947-1948 MARKET CONDITION On the basis of the market conditions discussed, the following quick reference point s were developed: Estimated retail sales for the period beginning July, 1947, and ending July, 1948. MARKE!' No. OF SALES Los Angeles Area United States 60,000 2,000,000 REI'AIL VALUE $ 1,800,000 60,000,000 From reports by manufacturers and distributors there are still heavy backlog orders to be filled. The lar ge number of new families cr eated - 15 - MARKE~ ANALYSIS during the war years coupled with discontinued production, developed a demand for 6,000,000 mixers. 2 Postwar production has been slightly under 3,000,000 units.la nd 8 The Los Angeles market is one of the best in the nation today. 6 The great increase in population since 194o is accompanied by a favorable per-capita income. A mixer designed to retail at $30 that improves performance and features new applications, will fulfill the demands of 90 percent of the market today. Material shortages have eased and the labor situation is favorably stabilized. Therefore, production during the 1947-1948 period will function more smoothly than any postwar period. 12 - 16 - PRODUCT RESEARCH PAGE SUBJ ECT ............................. 18 Product study .•. ............................. 18 Approach ...••.•. Motor research .•...••....••...••••••. ~ ..•.•.. 22 Pa.tent study ••.....•.....•.•...••...•.......• 25 - 17 - PRODUCT RESEARCH APPROACH Product research comprised general investigation to determine the function of a food mixer, a study of actual usage, an analysis of existing brands, motor research, and a patent study. An evaluation of discussions by popular home economists and a study of ac• tual usage conducted by the author, defines the following purpose for a household food mixer: The fundamental function of a household food mixer is to aid the housewife in those tasks that are physically difficult and time consuming. It must do these tasks well and efficiently. be easy to set-up, operate, and clean. It mu.st It must be available and encourage new usage. PRODUCT STUDY A number of the most popular brands were inv..~stigated for design features, function and appearance. Important features are listed on the following pages. Sunbeam Mixmaster Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. Model 7B----------------------$34.75 Mix finder dial---new automatic beater ejector---full-mix beaters--even . mixing---governor type speed control---efficient juicer--13 labor-saving attachments---portable 5 lb. head---white with black trim. Beater speeds----------150 to 1010 rpm Motor------------------1/10 hp Hamil ton Beach Hamilton Beach Co. Model E-----------------------$30.50 Thumb speed control---finger-tip bowl control---full power at all speeds---one-piece guarded beaters---easily portable 5 lb. head--juice strainer---white with black trim. Beater speeds---------270 to 1040 rpm Motor-----------------1/10 hp - 18 - PRODUCT RESEARCH General Electric General Electric Co. Model 149M8--------------$28.75 Three beaters---multi-speed switch---built-in light---oil seal ed operation---portable 5½ lb. head---swing hinge for atta chment usage--high power---dough guards on beat er shafts---white with black trim. Beater speeds------------300 to 1350 rpm Motor--------- -----------1/8 hp Dormeyer Dormeyer Corporation Model 3000---------------$20.95 Model 3200---------------$29.95 Revolving mixing turntable---click-mix arm---3 speeds---oil s eal ed--portable 5 lb. head---lift-off motor---white with black trim. Beat er speeds------------325 to 1330 rvm Motor: Model 3000--------1/20 hp Model 3200--------1/12 hp Kitchen Aid Hobart Manufacturing Co. Model 3-B----------------$49.50 Model K4-B---------------$79.0l Planetary beater action---fu.11 vision, heat r esistant gl a ss bowl--speed selector plate---ten spe eds--- electrical governor---oil sealed ---not portable---atts.chment hub---extra wide selection of accessories---wh ite with black an d chromium trim. Gear ratio of beater to planetary is 2½ to 1. Planetar y speeds---------65 to 250 rpm Beater speeds------- -----162 to 625 rpm Motor: Model 3-B---------1/8 hp Model K4-B--------l/6 hp Kitchen Kit A.O. Gilbert Co. Model B-27---------------$36.95 Ports.ble-----------------$15.00 Electrical governor speed control---16 speeda---speed selector plate---r evolving mixing turntable---built-in power outlet for attacbments---5 lb. portable head---white with bla ck and chromium trim. Portable-----------slender motor, use housin g as han dle---2 lb. unit--plastic housing---whippin g type beater---oil-sealed---white and chromium. Beater spe eds------------Model B-27---260 to 1180 rpm Portable-----1750 rpm Motor: Model B-27--------1/8 hp Portable----------1/50 hp - 19 - PRODUCT RESEARCH Miracle Miracle Electric Company Model 111----------------price not released Portable-----------------$25.10 Governor type speed control---12 speeds---speed selector plate--low profile---built-in power unit---not portable---swinging beater arm---power driven turntable---built-in power unit for attachments--oil sealed---white with chromium and black trim---weight 12 lb. Portable----------3 lb. unit---governor speed control---5 speeds--oil sealed---2 beaters---thurnb switch and speed selector---white with black. Beater speeds------------Model 111---350 to 13()0 rpm Ports.ble----not available Motor: Model 111---------1/10 hp Portable----------1/20 hp Westinghouse Westinghouse Electric Corp. Model ~~-71--------------price not released Governor type speed control---20 speeds---portable 5½ lb. head--. oil sealed---revolving bowl tu.-rntable---lift-off motor---buil t-in power outlet for attachments---easy to keep clean---white with black trim. Beater speeds------------275 to 900 rpm Motor--------------------1/8 hp In all units investigated, the universal series type motor was used. The trend is toward the straight series motor with governor speed control in favor of the com pen sated motor • Every manufacturer produces an all-purpos·e unit with a line of accessories. The small portable unit of 2 to 3 pounds is a postwar develop- ment and has not yet been satisfactorily proven. The heavy duty unit has a limited application and a small market. The all-purpose mixer units have been designed with the same general lines. They consist of a base with mounting post having swivel joints and a mixer holder. A bowl turntable fits on the base. The mixer unit consists of a motor and housing speed control device, reduction gears, and quick detachable beaters. This assembly is completed with a large - 20 - PRODUCT RESEARCH and small bowl, usually opal glass, and a juice extractor. This com- bination will hereafter be referred to as llconventional 11 • The light portable unit usually has no handle. It fits in the hand. It does not have a stand, juicer, or bowls. The heavy duty type is not portable. mixer. Ingredients must be brought to the It always features a very complete line of heavy duty attach- ments. Reduction gearing is through spur gears, spiral, and worm gears. To re- duce noise the combination of "metal to fiber to metal II is used. A high reduction is usually obtained through a worm cut on the motor shaft. Materietls used in gear trains are steel, bronze, brass, and fiber. All beaters except the Kitchen Aid planetary system are approximately the same. Smaller blades are used to reduce torque on low power units. The planetary action of the Kitchen Aid unit carries the beater around the bowl in one direction as it rotates it about its own axis, at high speed, in the opposite direction. It eliminates turning of the bowl and assures better quality of mixed ingredients. Governors are of the centrifugal mechanical type, which make and break electrical contact tr~ough breaker points to adjust the speed of rotation. In this system a condenser must be shunted across the contact points to eliminate radio interference. All unite are vented and fan cooled. Cooling is a serious problem. Sleeve type bearin gs are preferred. They offer a satisfactory answer - 21 - PRODUCT RESEARCH to the oiling problem, are quieter, and cost leas. The standard attachment cord ie rubber covered, with a soft rubber plug, and is 6 feet long. The mixer and stand materials are aluminum, zinc alloy, or steel. Alum- inum is gaining favor through light weight and the increasing ease with which it can be finished. less steel. Beaters are chromium plated steel or stain- The trend is toward stainless steel. Handles and speed knobs are usually plastic. The mixer housing and stand are either die cast or stamped. is toward die castings. The trend They cost 8 percent more, but can save 15 per- cent in assembly costs. The finish is usually baked enamel. Less expensive units are lacquer finished. The retail price bracket desired determines the motor design, speed control system, and gear train design. Savings in cost can be ma.de through simplified assembly and less parts. The beaters can be designed to be less expensive, easier to clean and better functionally. The method of inserting and removing can be improved. MOTOR RESEARCH The shortage of materials facing small motor manufacturers is rapidly ending. There are no government controls remaining and production is rapidly realizing a competitive basis. Size and weight are the limiting factors in food mixer motors. The universal series wound motor is the most satisfactory answer. It de- velops more torque than any other type for a given size and weight. - 22 - PRODUCT RESEARCH It has a much higher starting torque. The cost of production is lower. To design a smaller, lighter motor unit for a given power rating calls for the use of new electrical materials. of higher conductivity than copper. Silver wire is the only wire Although it has a conductivity 5.7 percent better than copper it is 18 percent heavier. Furthermore, since the iron in the poles of existing motors is near saturation, it would take a new super-magnetic iron to use efficiently the gain available with silver wire. The cost of silver wire is prohibitive. Several small motors have been wound with silver wire for test purposes, but have been found highly uneconomical. i ; However, as research progresses, super-magnetic iron or silver wire might well become a satisfactory answer to the future power supply for food mixers. The universal series type motors for mixer use are of two types. compensated motor and the straight series motor. The They will operate on either A.O. or D.C. lines. Speed control of the compensated unit is obtained by a brush shift. brushes are shifted against the direction of rotation. aeries structure has several advantages. The The compensated The distributed windings pro- vide better flux distribution than can be secured with the single-coil sailient-pole type. A greater amount of active material can be accom- modated in the same diameter and stacking length since the inactive interpolar space of the straight series motor is converted into iron and copper. Better control can be exercised over the degree of compensation, resulting in .better starting torques. However, the speed control range is limited. Simplicity of construction and ease of ventillation through the inter- PRODUCT RESEARCH polar apace mark the advantages of the straight aeries motor. The high speed of the aeries motor is a real advantage in that it permits light weight and large power outputs in comparitively small dimensions. They can operate satisfactorily at speeds of 25,000 to 28,000 rpm. However, they are rarely used at these speeds since their output effic~ iency drops, and it is difficult to supply suitable bearings. The series motors are seldom used for continuous operation. The duty cycle is determined by the temperature obtained in the driving unit. It should not exceed one hour. Ventilation is important. Because of the nature of the construction, it is often found that housing temperatures are exceedingly low, yet the motor parts may be on the verge of failure du .e to high internal coil temperatures. Under constant load operation, a governor will hold the speed of a series motor to variations of less than plus or minus 1 percent with a plus or minus 10 percent variation in line voltage. A resistor a nd capacitor are connected in parrallel with the contacts to obtain a clean break at the contacts, giving smoother motor operation and longer contact life. The life of a series motor has been improved to give expected values of 1000 to 2000 hours. The brush life is reduced somewhat by the addition of a governor, but the slower speeds at which the motor will operate tend to overcome this loss. Brushes need not be accessible for repair from the outside of the mixer housing. They are usually made in this manner to simplify assem- bly, and cut down overall dimensions. - 24 - PRODUCT RESEARCH Small diameter motors fitting in housings tha t can be held in the hand are used in small portable mixers such as the Gilbert portable. These are low power units and are not practical for a heavy duty mixing job. Since 24 volt aircraft motors are available in the desired power range, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the practicability of rewin d ing these motors for 110 volt power supply a nd using them in a food mixer. The rewinding practice was found to be uneconomical. PATENT STUDY A concise patent study revealed that patent structures of existing mixers are quite complicated. There are many patents relating to slight var- iations of similar designs. systems. Most patents are granted for speed control However, specific production and assembly designs, and special features such as the Sunbeam beater ejector, are all covered with patents. A patent search is suggested on any apparently new design features. An appendix listing, references the patent number and type, the owner, and the date of issue for the various patents investigated. - 25 - CONSUMER RESEARCH PAGE SUBJECT Appr oa..c h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 Reference research ·sources ..................• 27 Findings ....... .............................. 27 Summe.ry • ••• • •••••••••••••••••••• • •• • • • • • • • • • • 3} - 26 - COO-SUMER .RESEARCH To ascertain the consumers wants in a food mixer a comprehensive study was ma.de from two excellent national consumer researches, and data gathered by personal interviews. The questions used for personal interviews will be discussed here with comments and adjustments indicated from the other sources. A sample questionnaire can be found in the appendix. REFERENCE RESEARCH SOURCES 9 Survey by Industrial Design Associates, Pasadena, California ; 66 interviews. A national survey Questionnaires sent to: home economics instructors home service direetors universities and colleges magazine home service editors Personal interviews with: home economics instructors home service directors Survey by Ourtiss fublishing Company, Independence Square, Philadelphia 5, 2 4oo7 interviews. Pennsylvania; A national survey Questionnaires sent to: housewife Personal interviews with: housewife Personal interviews by the author; 25 interviews A survey of the Loa Angeles area Interviews with: home economics instructors home service directors housewife FilIDINGS Brand popularity-------------------------------------------------------Challenge 1% Dormeyer 11% Eskimo 1% - --------General Electric 12% - - - - - - - - - Hamilton Beach 18%-------------Kitchen Aid 9%-------Kitchen Kit 5%--Magic Maid 1%• Mixmaster Red Seal 1% •- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30% Universal 6%-----Westinghouse 6%---Montgomery Ward 4%--Others mentioned were: Kenmore, Powermaster, Mary Dunbar Handy Mix, - 27 - CONSUMER RESEARCH Miracle Mixer, Knapp-Monarch, and Waring. These percentage values were derived from response to the question; 11 W'hat different makes of food mixers have you used? 11 The name 11Mix- master" was often times quoted while reference was made to another brand. Weight-----------------------------------------------------------------All right -----------10% 27% ;% Too heavy Con 1t know - Weight is an important factor, especially when the mixer is used as a portable. The preference is a light portable unit. Some users would like a heavier base. Portable head----------------------------------------------------------Yes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 0 % No 10% The majority prefers a portable head that can be used conveniently with one hand. It should be light, well balanced, and easy to remove from the stand. The Familton Beach release is preferred. Speed control--------------~--------------------------~----------------3-speed - - - - - - - - - • 3 8 % Multiple-------------------62% Although the majority of users stated that only three or four speeds were used to advantage, 62 percent preferred the multiple speed control. The existing speed ranges are satisfactory. Sixty-five percent preferred a finger-tip or thumb speed control knob so arranged tryat it could be operated with the same hand that held the mixer. easy to operate. A separate speed legend plate should be conveniently placed and easy to road. distinct figures. The control knob should be Most users prefer a small indicator with large The dial at the rear of the Mixmaster is inconvenient - 28 - CONSUMER RESEARCH to use as a portable. and read. The Hamilton Beach lever control is easier to use The speed indicator and shut-off button should be integral. Mixer light------------------------------------------------------------Yes -12% No -------------------85% Don 1t know Eighty-five percent of users stated that kitchen lighting was sufficient. Mixing, beating, whipping----------------------------------------------Mix adequately ---------------•85% Don't mix adequately---• 15% The texture of a batter mixed with a food mixer is much smoother and even than that obtained in any other way. One set of beaters 17% Two sets of beaters --------------•76% More than two 7% Seventy-six percent preferred two sets of beaters. beating, and mashing. ing. One set for mixing, The other set for stirring, whipping, and drink mix- The majority of users state the beaters are easily detached. should be easier to clean. A nar r ow, long shafted beater is desired for whipping and using in deep pans. A large heavy duty set of beaters is de- sired for mixin g doughy ingr edients and mashing potatoes. Beach beaters are difficult to clean. hard to clean. They The Hamilton The ridges on Mixmaster beaters are Many users object to the creases in the beater blades. Bowls------------------------------------------------------------------Proper size Want other sizes -----~-------~% 14% A few users wanted a larger bowl and a smaller bowl, but still preferred only two in the selection. easy to clean. The large size is most often used. A large bowl is difficult to handle. - 29 - They are Seventy-four percent CONSUMSR RESEARCH say the bowls are too heavy. Sixty-eight percent prefer pouring spouts on the bowls. It/ ant rotating bowls -------------81% Don 1t want rotating bowls - - - 13% Indifferent 6% The rotating bowls are desired for better mixing and ease of scraping while mixing. Use bowls over stove ----------55% Don 1t use bowls over st:we --------lll-2% Indifferent 3% The mixer is often used while heating the ingredients. A transfer of bowls should not be necessary. BOWL MATERIAL DESIRED Aluminum -----10% Ceramic 12% Glass 14% Plastic Pyrex ---------18% Stainless steel -------------------•40% Other -4% Stainless steel was favored for light weight, attra ctive appearance, and scuffing resistance. Glass and ceramic were more commonly associated with food and cleanliness, but objections were breakage and weight. The light weight of aluminum met with favor, but was not accepted well when associated with food mixing. Comments on bowl desi gn were to keep the bottom smooth, have a small bottom to keep from spreading contents too thin, and provide a handle for ease of handling. Higher sides, curved in sides, or covers, were mentioned to overcome spatter. Some would like to use the bowls as serving dishes. Mixer usage------------------------------------------------------------Add ingredients while in operation ------------100"/4 Don't add ingr edients while in operation Ingredients are always added while in operation when mixing cake or cooky batter. Thirty-seven percent say it is difficult to add ingredients while - ;o - CONSUMER RESEARCH the mixer is in operation, especially when using the small bowl. Use daily Use weekly Don't know ------------80% 10% 10% More users would use the mixer several times daily if the unit could do smaller jobs more easily. The ardent cook would use her mixer much oftener if' a good illustrated instruction and suggestion book accompanied the unit. Mixer on counter Mixer in cupboard Ind iff'er ent - - - - - - - - - - - 8 3/o -4% The mixer should invite tendency to keep it on the counter. much oftener when kept out. It is used The trend in the modern home is to have the mixer built-in; often times on a swin ging door. Use juicer Use other accessories - - - - - - - - - 7 5% 15% Seventy-five percent of all mixer owners use the juicer. use it daily. The juicer should be more stable. easier to clean. Of these 41 percent The strainer should be Many objected to the high working level of the juicer. Only 15 percent used accessories. The accessories available are: food chopper vegetable slicer oil dropper colander and sieve ice cream fr eezer pea sheller ice chipper can opener knife sharpen er ail ver buffer coffee gr ind er meat grinder dough kneading hook wire whipper pastry knife The r esistance to accessory usage is their complexity and cleaning problem. Most housewives say the price is too high. Colors-----------------------------------------------------------------cream cream & pastel green chromium polished metal neutral white don't know - - - - - - - - 20% - 2% - - - - 9% 4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2% 4% - 31 - CONSUMER RESEARCH White with a trim of an other color was preferred by 42 percent. better with other kitchen equipment and metal finishes. It blends Suggestions of trim in a contrasting color, and chromium, received favorable comment. Cream would have a distracting appearance in the presence of the polished metal and white of other kitchen utensils. Motors-----------------------------------------------------------------Adequate power Insufficient power --------------75% In general the user of a brand having 1/12 hp or over felt there was sufficient power. Users of brands having less than 1/12 hp strongly advocated more power. The majority preferred a self-oiling unit. A minority objected to overheating. Design comments--------------------------------------------------------Forty-five percent of users preferred the appeara nce of the Mixmaster, and 27 percent preferred the Kitchen Aid. The comments were that these brands were more graceful, simple _appearing, c ~mpact, and suggestive of heavy duty mixing. The color schemes of white with black trim are pleas- ing and blend well with the general kitchen atmosphere. The trend is to more gra ceful lines, emphasizing a low silhouette. Functionally the Kitchen Aid planetary mixing system was desired. Kitchen Aid and Mixmaster carry a complete line of accessories. General design features mentioned: adjustable height splash preventing provisions to coil cord transparent bowl covers easier bowl location rubber bowl scraper prevent mixtures from climbin g beater shafts automatic shut-off when head is tilted back. - ;2 - Both CONSUMER RESEARCH The usage of the mixer could be improved by simplifying outside contact parts. This would make operation easier and relieve the cleaning problem. All mixers operate excessively noisy. enthusiastically accepted. A quiet operating unit would be Radio interference should be eliminated. In general, the comment was that the price is too high when the money has to come from the housewife's operating budget. SUMMARY An analysis of the consumer research indicates that the following design features are essential for favorable sales room appeal: all-purpose unit attractive appearance compact design color----white with contrasting trim multiple speeds at full power finger-tip speed control---clear legend light weight---well balanced good mixing and whipping easy to clean motor---sufficient power---1/10 hp or more quiet operation---no radio interference concise, illustrated instruction and suggestion book retail for $,30 DESIGN SUBJECT PAGE Appr oac h • •.•.•.•••.•.......•......... • • • • • • • • ;5 Conventional type ...............•............ 37 Portab 1 e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J9 Flexible shaft drive ...............•......... 41 Folding unit ••.•.••...•.•.•.•.•.....•....•..• 4) Mixer on the bowl ............................ 45 Combination ••...•••..••.•.......•.•...•.....• 47 Selection of design .....•. ................... Design of bowl mounting ..................•... 50 DESIGN APPROACH The fundamental approach used in developing this food mixer design bas been to improve the p~rformance of existing applications, and to create new functional applications, in such manner as to enhance the aesthetic qualities and economic values of the unit. Through improved performance and new functional applications, a food mixer design can induce an enthusiastic consumer acceptance. excellent service for the heavy, difficult tasks. It provides At the same time, it offers an efficient solution to the numerous menial tasks common to the kitchen, and to cooking and serving. With this approach a design can be developed that offers the appeal of a necessity type item. It can suf- ficiently ease the buying conscience of the housewife to justify $5() of her already thin budget. The dealer will welcome an aesthetically balanced design offering advanced economic gain through the fresh sales appeal of new practical applications. Greater economic values can be achieved for the manufacturer through sound, practical usage of materials and industrial fabrication processes. To efficiently apply this design approach, six basic design themes were established. Numerous creative suggestions of each theme were develop- ed and discussed with experts. All design suggestions were then evalu- ated with the aid of qualified consultants to determine the most appealing design for manufacturer, consumer, and dealer. - 35 - DESIGN The six basic design types used were: conventional portable flexible shaft drive folding unit mixer on the bowl combination The accompanying evaluation of each type includes several illustrations of the moat promising design suggestions using that idea. DESIGN CONVENTIONAL-----------------~----------------------------------------------DESCRIPTION The conventional mixers are an all purpose heavy duty type with a portable head. They consist of a base with a mounting post having a swivd joint and a mixer holder. A bowl turntable fits on the base. The mixer units consist of a motor and housing with speed control device, reduction gears, and quick detachable beaters. This assembly is completed with a large and small bowl, plus a juice extractor. ADVANTAGES. consumer accepted graceful appearance f 1 exib il i ty in design proven economy established service reputation known production methods DISADVANTAGES unstable with juicer large size limited new applications necessitates transfer of bowl or ingredients complex structure difficult to accomplish outstanding sales appeal - 37 - See Fig. ,. DESIG~ Fig. 3 Conventional Type Design J.' \ ..q \ \ l ;, - _ 38 - .• . DESIGN PORTABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------DESCRIPI'ION The portable unite are designed to be held in the hand without the use of a handle. They consist of a motor and housing with speed control device, reduction gears and quick detachable beaters. Thia assembly is accompanied with either a wall or cupboard bracket, or a wire holding clip. See Fig. 4. ADVANTAGES compactness simplicity light weight easy to use good balance use any bowl facilitates shipping problem easier to clean DISADVANTAGES limited application---light duty only technical problem with dimensions limited power supply must always be held while in use---when used with a wire clip will induce storage in a drawer, thereby lessening usage no juicer no accessories - ;9 - DESIGN Portable Type Design DESIGN FLEXIBLE SHAFT DRIVE--------------------------------------------------------DESORIPI'ION The flexible shaft drive arrangement transfers the motor torque to the beater shafts by means of a flexible shaft. It consists of a motor and housing with speed control and power take-off. The length of shaft transfers the power to a handle containing the reduction gears and quick detachable beaters. The juice extractor is built-in. See Fig. 5. ADVANTAqES light portable head compact unit attractive appearance stability built-in juicer built-in power take-off use any bowl facilitates shipping problem slow speed, high torque motor usage DISADVA.l"\JTAGES shaft only relatively flexible high cost of shaft maintenance problem of shaft---especially end couplings excessive power loss through shaft under sharp shaft bends head must be held for best operation while mixing oiling problem---at shaft couplings necessitates bowl transfer complex structure - 41 - DESIGN -=----- Fig. 5 Flexible Shaft Deeign DESIGN FOLD ING UNIT----------------------------------------•--- ----.--..----------------- DESCRIPI'IO:N The folding unit is a development of the conventional type. The mixer unit consists of a motor and housing containing a speed control device., reduction gears, and quick detachable beaters. for a bowl turntable. The base has provisions The conventional post is replaced with a folding mechanism to provide a small compact unit when closed. ADVANTAGES small, compact unit for storage attractive unit for cabinet top facilitates shipping problem fresh sales appeal D ISADVAl'\J"T AG ES expensive production difficulties in folding mechanism unstable with juicer limited access complex structure complicated operation accessory problem wearing problem of the folding mechanism See Fig. 6. DESIGN Fig. 6 Folding Unit DESIGN MIXER ON THE BOWL-----------------------------------------------------------DESCRIPl'ION The mixer on the bowl type combines the mixer and bowl. stand and turntable are eliminated. The conventional The mixer is supported by the bowl. The mixer consists of a motor and housing containing a speed control device, reduction gears, and quick detachable beaters. The means of support is either from the mixer, from the bowl, or from a separate part. Fig. 7. ADV.ANTAGES self-support without a stand possibility of using any bowl anywhere compact unit facilitates shipping problems excellent portability low cost of manufacture more readily adaptable to new uses simplified usage and maintenance easier to clean fresh sales appeal simplified structure DISADVANTAGES separate juicing arrangement requires sturdy mixer to bowl support noise problem attachment problem---need separate supports for accessories - 45 - See DF.sIGN Fig. 7 Mixer On The Bowl Design ::;:;;;;...--~- - - :I - ---~) ,- j -4i DESIGN OC'--IBINATION-----------------------------------------------------------------DESORIPI'ION In the combination type the base unit contains the motor, speed control device, reduction gearing, and a power take-off. combination grinder-shredder. It features a built-in .l:-'ower is transmitted through a drive she.ft to the handle holding quick detachable beaters. ADVANTAGES comps.ct unit stable, well balanced all-wrpose provisions attractive appearance use any bowl will induce more usage of grinder-shredder slow speed, high torque motor usage DISADVANTAGES not portable high coat of manufacture maintenance problem shaft oiling problem complex structure necessitates bowl transfer - 47 - See Fig. 8. DESIGN """' Fig. 8 Combination Type Design DESIGN SELECTION OF DESIGN After careful consideration, the 11 mixer on the bowl 11 idea was selected for development. A design of this type .would inherently improve performance. The reduc- ed number of contact parts means less pieces to handle, arrange, and dismount for a given operation. The cleaning problem is greatly simpli- fied with less parts. , The flexibility of the design readily suggests new functional applications. By means of a clip or bracket the mixer unit could be used on any bowl. Such flexibility means a simple transfer of a clean mixer, as contrasted to the transfer of ingredients to make a bowl available. The cost of the eliminated base, mounting post, and bowl turntable, can partly be directed to a more efficient mixing and whipping arrangement. Stainless steel bowls can be economically featured. The in- creased sales appeal of these new design features for the same retail selling price as that of the conventional mixing unit, would be en~ thusiastically accepted. Through proper design application the inherent disadvantages of this arrangement can be effectively diminished. - 49 - DESIGN DESIGN OF BOWL MCUNTING From an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the 11 mixer on the bowl II idea, it is evident that the degree of success the design can achieve hinges upon the flexibility of the joint between mixer and bowl. This joint was studied in the following systems: 1. 2. ;. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. as a cover for the bowl a separate bracket a spring bracket on the mixer a mixer support bonded to the bowl a metal support band around a glass bowl a free riding clip a mechanica l clip By supporting the mixer with a bowl cover a firm rigid support is possible. The cover serves to prevent splash of ingredients. Through usage of a vertical set-up, an attractive, low assembly is possible. e.nee is inherent. A planetary system could easily be adapted to keep the bowl scraped in operation. advantage. Excellent bal- A full-view glass bowl can be featured to Juicin g can be directly into the bowl. However, the limit- ations of the cover reduc es efficiency of existing usages, and makes new applications quite difficult. The cover would fit only one size bowl. Access to the bowl is bad while ingredients are being mixed. The hand- ling and cleaning problem of the cover is as troubles ome as the conventional stand. al type. 2. Production of the unit would be the same as the convention- The cover could be drawn from sheet stock. A separate bracket support would greatly improve bowl access over that of the cover idea. It provides an attractive and low appearance. vis i on glass bowl can be featured. - 50 - A full- The bracket would be a firm support DESIGN and give excellent balance. different bowl sizes. keep clean. It could be flexible enough to fit several However, its complex design would be difficult to It needs to be removed before removal of bowl ingredients. A separate juicing arrangement is necessary. ricated from sheet stock. ?• The bracket could be fab- Stainless steel would be preferred. A spring bracket on the mixer would feature excellent flexibility. Any type bowl with a bead at the brim could be used with the mixer unit. A well balanced, attractive unit is possible. However, a firm, rigid support is difficult; particularly on small bowls. essary is quite awkward to handle and clean. wieldy when used as a portable unit. The spring shape nec- It would be especially un- If the spring and mixer were made detachable, the disadvantages of an additional part in usage are again existant. The spring band might be fabricated from stainless steel. A separate juicing arrangement is necessary. 4. A mixer support bonded to the bowl suggests a good firm joint. snap clip offers smooth removal for portable usage. A simple The support arm could be formed as a handle to facilitate handling of the bowl. cleaning problem is simplified. The necessary extended position of the support from the bowl would be cumbersome in storage. ed to usage of the particular bowl. would be badly balanced. The The mixer is limit- A juice extractor over the mixer A vertical arrangement emptying into the bowl defines limited usage, and means extra cleaning of the bowl. To provide sufficient strength and safety, the support should be metal. Stainless steel spot welded to a drawn stain less bowl might be suggested. 5. To satisfactorily use a glass bowl with an integral mixer support, a metal - 51 - DESIGN band around the bowl is necessary. as the bonded type. 14 This type support is not as rigid It would again make the bowl necessary with each function of the mixer, except when used as a portable. problem under the band is objectionable. The sanitation The juicer needs to be a verti~ cal type driven from the front of the mixer. A stainless steel band is suggested for sufficient strength and resistance to scuffing. 6. The free riding clip offers excellent advantage through simplicity and low cost. It greatly improves performance through ease of handling. parts means less handling and simplified cleaning. Fewer The function of the unit is limited to a specially designed bowl with a bead large enough to give satisfactory support. Since the weight of the mixer is used to hold it in place, a tendency to jump might become objectionable. Thia problem would become increasingly noticeable as heavier refrigerator batters were mixed. The psychological affect of a juicer over the mixer might be bad from the standpoint of strength. A front end juicer would have the tendency to roll the unit back on the bowl and overturn. juicing unit is needed. 7. A separate The bowl should be drawn from stainless steel. A mixer to bowl joint through a mechanical clip offers a firm rigid support with sufficient flexibility to accommodate various sizes and types of bowls. A snap-act_ion lock offers the ease of mounting desired. insures adequate strength. It Having the joint and means of support con- veniently arranged as an integral part of the mixer housing, a compact, conveniently handled design is obtainable. Thus, efficiency of usage is improved, and the cleaning problem is simplified. Since the arrangement is flexible enough to use a wide variety of metal bowls, new applications - 52 - DESIGN can readily be achieved. Therefore, the cost of a mechanical clip is justified by increased performance and assurance of safe, satisfied service. A separate juicing arrangement is necessary. A careful weighing of the design features obtainable from the various joining systems, shows that most sales appeal can be realized with a mechanical clip. This system will be developed and used in the solution. SOLUTION SUBJECT PAGE Solution.... . . . . • . . . • • . • • . • • • . . • . . • • . . . . . • 56 List of design features ...•.•...•••....•.• 57 - 54 - Fig. 9 THE MIXER- PARTS- S.OLUTION A careful review of the design research, the market condition, production methods available, and consumer wants, directed the design solution shown in Fig. 9. The s9lution has been pointed toward the 90 percent of the potential market desiring an all purpose mixer. The design policy has been to offer more sales appeal at the retail price of a deluxe mixer. price for 1947-1948 is $)(). This estimated retail The unit is to be distributed as a deluxe model until the initial production volume has been exhausted. sampling should be conducted continuously during this interval. Consumer The pro- ·duction schedule should be planned to make the changes detected by consumer sampling when the initial volume has been produced. These changes, and per- haps a substitution of a color finish on the speed knob and planetary cover plate, would determine a standard model which could then be produced in extensive volume for the economy market. Analysis of the west coast market, sub-contractin g rates, tool and die life, and production techniques, defines the best manufacturing economy for a Loa Angeles manufacturer at an initial production plan of 25,000 unite. This volume could be comfortably distributed in the west coast area at a '"' a retail price of ~;'l(). The initial production plan for an established food mixer manufacturer should be adjusted to conform with his production techniques and sales performance record. The moat profitable distribution channel will be from the plant to a distributor; to the dealer, then to the consumer. Thie policy assures the a. The $3() retail sellin g price has been approximated from comparison with ex isting brands. · SOLUTION necessary market coverage. To realize the fullest degree of success from the new developments of the design, a simple, easily remembered and pronounced trade name would be indispensable. The unmistakeable association of the term 11 bolmixer 11 has excellent potentialities. If preceeded by a one or two syllable manufac- turers name the trade name would effectively identify the design. A complimentary book of recipes and instructions is to be given with each sale. The instruct ions shal 1 be well illustrated and suggestive of mun- erous new applications. essential. The endorsement by a popular home economist is To conform with the deluxe quality established by the mixer design, the pages of the book shall be plastic laminated. The developed design offers the maximum in appearance, safety, sanitation, and efficiency. It consists of a mixing unit with an integral mechan- ical bowl clip, one large size mixing bowl, and two quick detachable beaters. A separate juicing arrangement is to be included. Aesthetically, the design emphasizes balance and sturdiness. graceful lines are easy to clean. vides excellent balance. The comfortable, sturdy handle pro- Its rich sanitary color scheme in white, grey, and chromium, identifies quality and prestige. Increased sales appeal is realized through these high performance features: O new quick 11 snap-on 11 bowl clip 0 every metal bowl or pan is a mixing bowl 0 24 tested speeds at full power O 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 Its simple, finger-tip speed control clear speed legend---for every job light weight 4 lb. portable head perfectly balanced comfortable, full-grip handle planetary mixing action high speed whipping action automatic bowl scraping new two-blade stainless steel mixing beater - 57 - SOLUTION O new adjustable disc-type stainless steel whipping beater--fits any bowl depth 0 full 1/8 hp motor O sanitary oil-sealed unit O stainless steel mixing bowl O quiet operation O no radio interference O retail selling price---$,0. - 58 - ENGilTEERING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------SUBJECT PAGE Motor ......................................•. 61 Materials and processes •......•.............• 61 Finish specifications•••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 Gear tra·n emission............................ 68 Sp~ed control..... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Bowl eliP••••••••••·••·•••••·•·••····•·•••·•• - 59 - 7; V IE W -f,a. 1 0 - C U T - A WA 'i~ OF M IX E R ASSE M 6 LY 4 - ~3- •in H, H E I O T •• ENGINEERING Mor OR-----------------------------------------------------------------------As the problem definition stated, a standard brand motor was selected. An investigation of availability, performance, and cost of 25 brands of series wound motors defined a modified type V Bodine Electric motor as best suited to the design requirements. Consultation with Bodine Elec- tric representatives revealed that their VCF-12 type fra me could be modified to develop 1/8 hp at an operating full load speed of 10,000 rpm, on a 60 cycle, 115 volt line. It has an input of 140 watts. . is fan cooled and requires good venting. Expected life under intermitt- Elnt operating conditions is from 1000 to 2000 hours. motor elements is 1-1/2 pounds. The motor The weight of the Best economy is available in lots of 25,000 or more units. MATERIALS AND PROCESSES-----------------------------------------------------The mixer housing has been designed in five parts to facilitate assembly line procedure. The engineering ·drawing, M-1 shown in Fig. 11, and the cut-away view of the mixer assembly in Fig. 10, will be referenced to identify the parts and clearify assembly procedure. An aluminum alloy has been used wherever possible to reduce weight. The rear mixer housing (1), Fig. 11, is a die casting from Alcoa alloy number 45. A )-piece die is used. It is the basic structural member. The clip frame is an integral part of the housing. One motor shaft jour- nal, and the stator mounting provisions are cast in. It provides mount- ing facilities for the clip cover and gear tra in housing. The front housing (2), Fig. 11, is a die casting from Alcoa alloy number 45. A 2-piece die is used. It provides mounting for the han dle, speed control system, and gear tr a in housin g . The handle and speed control sys- tem can be assembled in this section on a sub-assembly line. - 61 - ..., ... ~ ~ ...... - z ~ .,., V') < oc j :i < .. u,.. "' . u.J X ~ :... .. .... ! ."!' ~ s . ~ , 0 V T . . ~ :r~ . 0 a ~ .., ::E ~ % C 0 ~ ~ .. . ~ ::.. ft :. C :.. •c l .," "o :... . 0 ~ C :.. 0 _ _j_ ; • (:") C 0 t .c ... 0 :: ii ·~ ~ "" ! u.. ENGINEERING The gear train housing is a die casting from a ,?-piece die. number 45 is used. Alcoa alloy It is an internal part supporting the entire gear transmission and providing the second journal for the motor shaft. mounts directly on the rear housing. It A sub-assembly line can mount the complete gear transmission. The planetary cover plate (5), Fig. 11, is stamped from 30 gage SAE 1010 mild steel sheet. plated. Steel was selected since the part is to be chromium It serves as a service access plate and a transmission grease retainer. It snaps into position on the gear train housing. The fifth part is a cover for the mechanical clip, (4) of Fig. 11. It is stamped of an 18 percent aluminum, 8 percent nickel, stainless steel. The underside is slotted to provide an air outlet. to aid in mounting the mixer. It serves as a spring The abrasion resistance of stainless steel is desirable to restrict the unsi ghtly appearance of scuffing resulting when the mixer is parked on its heel. The clip mechanism ca n be mounted in the cover on a sub-assembly line. The supports for the speed control, the condenser, and the mech:l.nical clip, that are not cast in the housings, are stamped from 24S0 aluminum alloy and 18-8 stainless steel. sub-assembly. They are spot welded in position during The clip cams are die cast from Zamac number 6 zinc alloy. The clip push-buttons are compression molded of urea formaldehyde. The handle is compression molded of urea formaldehyde. used. A 5-piece mold is Urea offers the desired physical properties plus the desired color properties. The rear of the handle base is hollowed to provide an air intake. - 6.3 - • ENGINEERING Since the speed control knob is to be chromium plated, it is die cast from Zama.c number 6 zinc alloy. A 2-piece mold is used. An access slot is provided to fasten the knob to its shaft. The mixing beater and whipping beater are shown in engineering drawing M-2, Fig. 12. An 18-8 stainless steel is used for mixer blade and whipper Its excellent scuffing resistance is desired. disc. One continuous piece of stainless steel is formed to proper contour and crimped to the hub to form the 2-bladed mixer. steel bar stock. The hub and shaft are cut from SAE 1010 mild They are ribbed at the joint and held by a force fit. Both pieces are chromium plated. The whipper disk is stamped of an 18-8 stainless steel and crimped to the shaft. for adjustable length. The shaft has four cut keyways It is chromium plated SAE 1010 mild steel. The mixing bowl is drawn from an 18-8 stainless steel. Fig. 13. See drawing B-1 of A second set of ' dies is used to form the brim contour and bead. The bowl is polished to a high gloss. The bottom is copper plated to provide good, even heat conduction for usage over the stove. Stainless steel was selected for its excellent wearing properties, and strong consumer as sociation with deluxe sanitary kitchen ware. are grey urea formaldehyde. die. The bowl handles They are compression molded with a 2-piece The handle support brackets are stamped from stainless steel and spot welded to the bowl. steel. The bowl cover is drawn from an 18-8 stainless The cover knob is grey urea formaldehyde. The gear train members are die cast from SAE 68 aluminum bronze. Bronze was selected for its ease of fabrication, plus favorable strength, and wearing qualities. grease. The transmission is packed with a low melting point The lower transmission housing (see Fig. 14) is die cast of Alcoa - 64 - ,\ I~ 1, ,. ~ f'LAT"I: ,. 1. ... r • 1• - • t.l ' "· - z 1 (. A, , ST DL-1• - e - •Ta. ■ L - 10 1 0 e11 ... 0MIVM $ •e "0 L 1 aHI.O $T"A I M L.. E1olo S/'0 .-,,-T - 0 1~1( - w1,11 ,,r " , C HII. O MIIJ..,. IHA.l'"T- SA.l 10 1 0 "0 1.I SH lt 0 I L .... 01. _ .,T" A l lrr,jLi!•s Mll•llll : ,- , .,.1. f:T! fft OIJ "IOI N OT[ t I . o• ◄ I - _MIX~II_ ¾_'o tD ... ,r · L l01_j ,· • ~ o,: ROTAT I O ~ .T/ • 01111a cT1 0N L •t· ,·.r•r t ·o•fo-4' P\.AC.U -" - - fLL IZ - - OOWL .. ,- l_ COMTOu• SECTION B·B l · ·x , · ,.;r.:nwA."I' .. ~ L.-,C. IS TO <ON,o•M W<T M SECT 10 N A·A "'"'/ r :.;.zr Y{HI PP~~ al D LI~~ Cl'IIM ,. s1-1.-.f'T ,i• 1 ;-- i·o 'T DR NO . : M -z. DATE t 4 - 9- 4 1 SCA L E. • FU LL B Y I H . H!. I OT M IXE R ' WH IPP ER ASS'i. 1£1 <!) := 0::: _, ~ z -< . ~.,, "' . !§ ~ ... ~ ..J -c % o ... z . . ..J >- 0 oz Z - ~ i -~ ~.~1. . t_S:;._ 9 o IL • a C i :ii: 1 => j§ .,,- ii:-< ..J 1£1 ... ._ ... 0 :z i I . 1111 IT . ._. :. l z _J I i i: ... - •... - ., ENGINEERING alloy number 43. Bronze oilite bearings are used throughout for satisfactory oil-sealed service and quiet operational qualities. The 6-foot attachment cord is grey, vinyl plastic coated. It is supplied with a soft rubber plug and a stiff, plastic coated mounting sleeve to prevent fouling at the mixer. Unless the manufacturer is producing additional products to keep expensive die casting machines and drawing presses busy, he will realize better economy through a sub-contracting policy. Furthermore, sub-contracts with various outside firms provide economical applications of a wide variety of materials and processes. This policy is particularly advan- tageous for a manufacturing volume of 25,000 mixing units. It has been applied in this design solution to gain fullest advantage of material properties. FINISH SPECIFICATIOt-TS-------------------------------------------------------To practically achieve the desired color scheme the following finishes are specified, Front and rear housing-----refrigerator white, Melmac 560-8 Planetary cover------------chromium plate Bowl clip housing----------polished stainless steel Handle---------------------grey urea formaldehyde (reference Plochere Color Guide--No. 1291-Bbg 6-c) Speed knob-----------------chromium plate Clip push-buttons----------grey urea formaldehyde (Plochere No. 1291) Mixer----------------------sta.inlesa steel - 67 - ENG!NEER ING Whipper---------------------stainless steel Bowl------------------------polished stainless steel, copper plated bottom Bowl handles----------------grey urea formaldehyde (Plochere No. 1291) Bowl cover------------------polished stainless steel Bowl cover knob-------------grey urea formaldehyde (Plochere No. 1291) Attachment cord-------------grey vinyl coated (Plochere No. 1291) Speed knob setting indicator--------------red lacquer Speed indicator numbers and legend--------black lacquer Brand name on speed legend----------------black lacquer GEAR TRANSMISSION---------------------·- -------------------------------------An exploded view of the gear tran smissio.n is shown in Fig. 14. The trans- mission functions through 8 meshing gears to give a combined rotating, planetary mixing action, and a high speed rotational whipping action. The planetary system achieves the best mixing qualities realized from a mechanical mixing unit. The worm on the motor shaft (1), drives the worm gear (2), at a speed reduction of 20 to 1. R = No. teeth on gear 20 20 No. threads on worm• 1 = Thus, the smooth, quiet operation of the worm reduces the high speed of the motor shaft sufficiently for satisfactory, quiet operation of the remaining spur gears. The planetary driver (2), then transmits the power to the planetary (3), at a speed reduction of 5 to 1. R: No. teeth on planetary= 2Q.: 5 No. teeth on driver 10 The combined reduction of 100 to 1 plus a maximum motor speed reduction through the governor of 8 to 1, achieves a minimum planetary speed of 12-1/2 rpm and a maximum of 100 rpm. - 68.,. The planetary serves as one journal - --- 0 G EA R T R A N 5 M I 5 5 (i ' MOTOR DRIVE.SHAFT WORM & E"AR PLANETARY ~ PLANETA.R.'( BEATER SLE~VE. i STATIONARY TRACK MIXl:R SLEEVE: * I 0 N DR\1/E" HOU&ING 4-23-47 H,HEICT -69- ENGINEERING for the mixer sleeve (6) and is secured to the housing (7) which provides the second journal. The mixer sleeve rotates as an idler on the station- ary track (5) at a speed increase of 5 to l. R = No. teeth on track = No. teeth on idler 2Q 10 = 5 Therefore, the rotational limits of the mixer sleeve are a minimum of 62-1/2 rpm and a ma.ximum of 500 rpm. The stationary track is secured to the transmission housing to provide proper bearing area for the rotating planetary and housing. See Fig. 10. part of the transmission housing. The beater sleeve journals are The sleeve (4) is driven by the exter- nal gear of the planetary(;) at an increased speed of 12 to 1. R - -· No. teeth on planetary No. teeth on sleeve 84 T = 12 Thus, the realized speed of the beater sleeve is from a minimum of 150 rpm to a maximum of 1200 rpm. Using gear teeth with a circular pitch of .125 11 the outside diameter of the planetary is ;5-1/4 11 , and the mixer revolves about a 2-1/2 11 diameter pattern. Thia large planetary pattern permits full automatic scraping of an 8 11 diameter mixing bowl with a 5-1/2 11 beater. The 5-1/2 11 mixer can be efficiently operated in tacky cooky batter with the 1/8 hp motor. The distinctive form of the gear train cover plate immediately identifies this special mixing and beating action. SPEED CONTROL---------------------------------------------------------------One of the highest performing sales features of a food mixer is a wide speed selection with full motor power at any setting. This speed ran ge is necessary for efficient application of the mixer to the numerous tasks of the kitchen. - 70 - •• ENGINEERING The electrical governor design shown schematically in Fig. 15, has been developed for this design. It features an 8 to 1 speed ratio. means a usable motor speed range from 1250 rpm to 10,000 rpm. Thia The speed control knob (1) can be easily turned with the thumb, or thumb and forefinger. The first position moves the lever (2) far enough to actuate the on-off snap switch (3). brush-plate (4). further motion moves the lever (2) along the The corrugations (5) in the brush-plate serve as a speed change signal for the operator. The revolving motion of lever (2) is transferred to linear motion at the . breaker point (7) by the oscillating link (6). Therefore, a calibrated clockwise motion of the control knob positions the breaker points · (7) and (8). The speed responsive de- vice (10) short circuits the system when it actuates the spring loaded pivoting support (9) holding the breaker point (8). Increased efficiency and longer life are realized through point contact of the governor and the pivoting support. The condensQr (14) and resistor (15) are shunted across the breaker points (7) and (8) to overcome objectionable arcing. This increases the life of the points and eliminates radio interference. Directions for speed settings are conveniently located on the rear, motor housing. Adding the wide speed control available from the electrical governor to that of the gear transmission, gives an extra wide speed range to fit virtually every speed demanded in the kitchen. Planetary-----------------------12 to 100 rpn Mixer---------------------------62 to 500 rpm Whipper-------------------------150 to 1200 rpm - 71 - S PEED CONTROL .@ @ S-6-47 ' I) Control Inob \.2 Lever '3 \:: Switch 0 Brush Plate 's Positioner ® Link (j'; BrH.ktr Point ~ Breaker Point 0 Pivoting Support @) Governor 0 Motor Shaft @ Lead @ @ @ - - FtG. 15 - - - , 72- Lead Condenaer Reaiator H. Keidt • ENGINEERING BOWL CLIP----------· ·-----------------------------------------·------------- Fig. 16 shows an exploded schematic view of the bowl clip. As the frame (1) is lowered upon the bowl (13), the loader (2) is rotated from position A to position B by the bowl rim. The resulting motion of the loader pulls the housing (3) toward the bowl. Simultaneously the cams (5) and (6) are forced against the action of spring (4). Further motion of the loader brin gs the loading sprin gs (14) and (15) in contact with the bowl (13). A moderate pressure of lO to 15 pounds by the operator., will force the loading springs to the final position behind the two outside frame members. In this locked position the inside compression member of the frame and the housing bearing points (14) and (15) form a triangular clamp to support the mixer. Ample fr ame clearance is available to receive bowls from 5" diameter to 10 11 diameter. The compression loading springs (14) and (15) insure secure locking on any bowl size. To remove the mixer, push-buttons (7) and (8) are easily operated to free the ca.ms. Thus freed, the cover assumes its natural open position, and the mixer is automatically pushed free of the bowl. The cams (5) and (6) are held in position by clips (11) and (12). The push-buttons (7) and (8) are fastened to the cams with screws (9) and ~10). Proper positioning of the bowl clip located the mixer center of gravity 2-3/4 11 toward the bowl center, when measured from the point of support. Therefor e, stability and balance are assured on any accommodated bowl. - T5 - · r 14 3 -:_) I 0 Fraae ·© Loader ® Housing 0 Cam Spring ® Cam © Cam 0 Push-Button ® Push-Button ® Screw I © Support @ Boisl @ Loading Spring @) Loading Spring @ Screw 0 Sqpport IIECHANICAL BOWL - F , s . IG - -7+- CL I P H. Heidt JUICING A.~b ACCESSORIES SUBJECT PAGE Juicin g ............. •.• ...................... 76 Accessories ................................. - 75 - 76 JUICilTG AND" ACCESSORIES JUICING As the problem definition in the introduction of page 5 stated, the design of the juicer and other accessories are separate distinctive design problems. However, efficient provisions for their usage has been con- sidered throughout the mixer development. Since a juicer is to be included with each sale of the mixer, careful analysis of its design followed. The conventional juice extractor fits over the handle of the mixer and is driven from a power take-off at the top side of the mixer housing. This scheme limits the size of the juice bowl, and is quite unstable. It positions the juicer at a level which is too high for comfortable juicing at a work bench. In a suggested design to accompany the developed mixer solution the mixer could conveniently clip to the underside of the frame, and the beater sleeve serve as the power take-off for the juicer. A large size juice bowl would control spatter and collect the juice. It could serve as a conta.iner for storage. The low frame permissible would bring the juic- ing level to a desirable working hei ght. It would transfer pressure vertically down, providing a very stable unit. can be similar to that of the mixing bO\•tl. The contour of the frame In this manner the mixing bowl will fit into the upturned frame, accomplishing a compact unit for shipping. ACCESSORIES The juicer frame will furnish excellent provisions for more efficient and simplified accessories. The beater sleeve will function as the power take-off in each instance. - 76 - OPERA·r ION SUBJECT PAGE Mixing ■••••••••••··•·•·•·•··•••••·••••··•··•· 78 \fuipping ..................................... 78 Restlllle. • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . . 78 Photographs .................•.••••......•...• 00 - 77 - OPERATION MIXThTG The planetary mixing action eliminates bowl rotation and bowl scraping. It assures far superior results. for better mixing. mixing bowl. lized. The mixer blades are set at a 45° pitch Their contour is similar to that of the j-1/2 qt. In this manner automatic bowl scraping is effectively rea- The one simple beater is convenient to handle. shaft in the mixer sleeve and push. Simply insert the A key in the sleeve snaps into the shaft keywa.y to lock the beater in position. To eject the beater, a slight thumb pressure age.inst the bottom of the mixer frees the shaft. The mixer's open design with 2 blades is very easy to clean and requires little storage space. It is an excellent safety factor for the housewife's fingers in using and cleaning. See Fig. 20. WHIPPING Best whipping and stirring r~sults are obtained with the perforated disctype whipper. The wide speed range from 150 rpm to 1200 rpm includes every cooking task. Four shaft settings supply a convenient 2-1/4 11 adjustment in length. The off-center position of the beater sleeve on the mixing unit creates circulation of the mixture in the bowl, thereby assuring superior whipping and stirring. The simple, plain beater sur- faces are safe to use and easy to clean. RESUME A resume of the principle design features calls to attention improved performance of mixing with a specially designed bowl and planetary mixing arrangement. A positive bowl clip offering easy transfer of the mixing unit to any metal bowl. An adjustable beater that makes any bowl an - 78 - OPERATION efficient mixing bowl. A speed range for every purpose. A summation of these design features demonstrates an increased performance and a welcomed encouragement for many new and small kitchen applications otherwise con~idered impractical with a food mixer. They tend to define the unit as a necessity type item, thereby offering sufficient sales appeal to justify $;a of the housewife's operating budget. Fig. 17 through 20 illustrate some of the design features. - 79 - Fig. 17 LOADING ON THE BOWL Fig. 18 PARKING FOR ACCESSIBILITY - 80 - 01 - Fig. 19 FORTAB LE USAGE Fig. 20 - 81 - BEATER EJECT ION APPElJD IX SUBJECT PAGE Bibliography •...................•........•..• b Directory of food mixer and manufacturer a.... d Pa.tent listing••••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••• e Sample questionnaire •••.•...••..•.••••..••..• f - a - BIBLIOGRAP'rt'Y REFERENCES 11 1. Electrical Merchandising, January 1947, 2. Curtiss Publishing Co., Independence Square, Philadelphia 5, Pa. 3. Curtiss Urban Housing Survey, Curtiss Publishing Co., Independence Square, Philadelphia 5, Pa. 4. Scripps-Howard 13-City Survey, 330 Park Av enue, New York 5. Los Angeles Times, Loe Angeles, 6. Modern Industry, January 15, 1947, Selling 11 7. Atls.ntic, January, 1946, 8. Department of Commerce, Washin gton D. C. 9. Industrial Design Associates, Pasadena, California 10. Survey of Current Business, December 1945 11. Facts for Industry, Bureau of The Census, Department of Commerce, Washington D. C. 12. The Kiplinger Washington Letter, February 8, 1947 13. Machine Design, September, 1941, 14. Corning Glass Works, Cornin g , New York 11 11 Research Department" Consumers Research Bulletin 11 Household Electric Mixers 11 18:5-8 September 146 11 Your Home Tomorrow" J. D. Ratcliff Wh. C. 70:34 July 1 11 Top-notch Targets for 1947 TVA--An American Invention" 11 Selectin g READERS GUIDE AND INDUSTRIAL ARTS REFERENCES Consumers Union 1939 Buying Guide CU Reports October Appliance Market" 32 1 43 Consumer Research Bulletin 14:13--16 N 144 - b - Small Built-In Motore 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 Around the Clock With the Mixer 11 Miss C. J. Foster il Parents I Magazine 12 :50 + 0 1 41 11 It Sure Beats Everything" American Home 26:122-3 11 Marketing Strategy for General Mills 1 First Home Appliance 11 W. Mac Donough il Sales Management 57:37-9 N 20 '46 11 Be a Good Mixer" Francis Armin Better Homes and Gardens 11 18:32-3 + S '39 From Trim-tab Motor to Hand Mixer 11 il Modern Plastics 23:100--1 My 1 46 11 Replacement Market for Household Appliances, tab. 11 Public Utilities 37:185 Ja 31 146 11 Most From Your Mixer 11 Womans Home Companion 11 64:77 Ja Electric Utilities •... Rural Market 11 Bsn s W P 64 N 23 '46 ACKNOWLEDGEMEl'TTS Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Los Angeles Examiner Los Angeles Times Industrial Design Associates General Electric Co. Thermadore Electric Co. Erla Corporation Westinghouse Electric Oo. Bod in e Electric Co. Logan Electric Co. Dormeyer Corp. Hobart Mfg. Co. f!.amilton Beach Co. Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. National Electrical Wholesalers Assoc. Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. Curtiss Publishing Co. Department of Commerce Southern California Edison Co. Electrical Merchandising Scripps-Howard Newspapers - C - 1 37 DIRECTORY OF FOOD MIXER 1'-1:ANUFACTURERS Bersted Mf g . Co., Fostoria, · Ohio. 11 Eskimo Kitchen :Mechanic 11 Dominion Electrical Mf g . Co., Inc., Mansfield, Ohio 11 Dormeyer Corp., 4300 N. Kilpatrick Ave., Chica go 31, Ill. Dormeyer 11 11 General Electric Co., 12e.5 Boston Ave., Bridgeport 2, Conn. Electric 11 Gilbert Co., A. c., Erector Square, New Haven 6, Conn. 11 Whirlbeater 11 11 Gilbert 11 , 11 Hamilton Beach Co., Div., Scovill Mf g . Co., Racine, Wis. Beach 11 Hobart Mfg. Co., Kitchen Aid Division, Troy, Ohio. 11 General Hamilton Kitchen Aid 11 Knapp-Monarch Co., Bent & Potomac Sts., St. Louis 16, Mo. 11 K-M 11 Landers, Frary & Clark, 47 Center St., New Britain, Conn. 11 Universal 11 Merrywa.y Co., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 11 Merryway 11 11 Mir a cle Electric Co., 36 S. State St., Chica go 3, Ill. Miracle 11 Monitor Equipment Corp., 650 West 249th St., Reverdale-on-Hudson, New York, 63, N. Y. Quincy Electr ::mic Co., Quincy, Mich. 11 Racine Universal Motor Co., 1637 Gould St., Racine Wis. Whip-it 11 Reynold s Electric Co., 2629 W. Congress St., Chica go 12, Ill. (12 and 22 qt.) 11 Sunbeam Corp., 5600 W. Roosevelt Rd ., Chicago 50, Ill. Tutt Co., 4107 Willys Parkway, Box 54, Toledo, Ohio 11 11 Rec o 11 Sun b eam Mixmaster 11 Tutt 11 Vidrio Products, Corp., 1,34 West 54th St., Chica go, Ill. 11 Electro-Mix 11 Westin~house Electric Corp., 653 Pa ge Blvd., Sprin gfield 2, Mass. 11 iiest in er house 11 0 - d - PATENT LIST ING NUMBER SUBJECT OWNER DATE ISSUED Sunbeam Aug. 1942 ti Feb. 1942 2,293,959 Beater Ejector for Mixers 2,274,480 Motor for Food Mixers 2,213, 191 Food Handling Apparatus 2,185,156 Food F,.a.ndling Apparatus II Dec. 1939 2,185,155 Food Handling Apparatus II Dec. 1939 2,182,083 Mixer Motor Unit Sunbeam Dec. 1939 2,165,858 Electric Motor ti July 1939 2,144,734 Motor & Speed Control Device II Jan. 1939 2,144,733 Motor Control Mechanism 2,099,050 Speed Control Mechanism II Nov. 2,070,768 Mixer II Feb• 1937 2,019,771 Juice Strainer " Nov. 2,013,887 Mixer II Sept. 1935 2,002,333 Portable Household Mixer II May 1935 1,975,949 Kitchen Uten ail II Oct. 1954 1,972,735 Ice Chipper Plate Kitchen Aid Sept. 1954 1,926,910 Household Mixer Sunbeam Sept. 1933 1,864,209 Food Handling Apparatus Kitchen Aid June 1932 1,759,760 Juice Extractor & Mixer Sunbeam May 19)(.) - e - Kitchen Aid Sept. 194o Jan. 1939 1937 1935 SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE This sample questionnaire was used for interviewin g . What different makes of food mixers have you used? Mixmaster Hamil ton Beach General Electric Knapp-Monarch Westinghouse Universal Kitchen Aid Challenge Eskimo Red Seal Miracle Dormeyer Hagie Maid Kitchen Kit Waring other A:re Mixers too heavy? Yes No Comments: ------- Should the beater units detach to be used as a portable? Yes No Comments: ---- What kind of speed control do you prefer? Thumb Finger-tip Hand --Other ------ ------ Is it worth while to have a light on the mixer? Yes No Comm_e_n_t_s_:_ ---- Do the mixers you are acquainted with mix adequately? Yes No - - - Comm ents: - f - SAMPLE .QUESTIONNAIRE Are they easy to clean? Yes No Comments: ---- Do you like the bowls to rotate on the stand? Yes No Comments: ---- What material would be ideal for the bowls? Aluminum Stainless Glass ------Pyrex Plastic Ceramic- - - - - - - -------other -------- ----------------- Would you like to use the bowls on the stove or in the oven? Yes ---No Comments: Do you use the full ran ge of speeds? Yes No Comments: ---- Do you want attachment s with you r mixer? Yes No Comments: ------- How many times a week would a housewife us e her mixer? Daily ..,.... Weekly Several times daily Comments: ____ ---------_____ --- Would the average housewife like to keep her mixer on the work comiter? Yes No - - - Comments: - g - SAMPLE QUEST IONNAL~E Would you like the mixer to operate from a wall or cupboard bracket? Yea No - - - Comments: What color or colors would you suggest? White White-----------with black Chromium -----Cream Neutral shades Other ------- ------------ Do you think there is a market for a food mixer which could be used as a liquifier? Yes No Comments: ---- Should the bowls have transparent covers? Yes No 0 o-mm-._e_n_t_s_:_ ---- Would you like an automatic bowl scraper while in use? Yes No ------Comments: Are present mixer motors powerful enou gh? Yes ---No Comments: Do they overheat? Yes No ---Comments: Should the mixer be oil-sealed? Yes No - - - Comments: ---- General comments on design and usage : - h -